Ilse Ekman1,2, Tytti Vuorinen3, Mikael Knip4,5,6,7, Riitta Veijola8, Jorma Toppari9,10, Heikki Hyöty11,12, Tuure Kinnunen2,13, Jorma Ilonen1,14, Johanna Lempainen1,10. 1. Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 3. Department of Virology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 4. Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 7. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. 9. Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 10. Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University hospital, Turku, Finland. 11. Department of Virology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. 12. Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. 13. Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland. 14. Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Evidence of the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained inconclusive. Our aim was to elucidate the possible role of CMV infection in the initiation of islet autoimmunity and in the progression to clinical T1D among children with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-conferred T1D risk. METHODS: A total of 1402 children from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were analyzed for CMV-specific IgG antibodies during early childhood. All the children carried HLA-DQ genotypes associated with increased risk for T1D. The effect of CMV infection on the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies (insulin autoantibodies [IAA], glutamic acid decarboxylase [GADA], and insulinoma antigen-2 [IA-2A], n = 356) and on the progression rate to clinical T1D (n = 233) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test. RESULTS: Early childhood CMV infection was inversely associated with the development of T1D during childhood. Cumulative progression to T1D was decreased in subjects with an early CMV infection (P = 0.035). In further analyses, the effect of early CMV infection on the initiation of islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical T1D were examined separately. Interestingly, early CMV infection did not affect the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies but a decelerating effect was observed on the progression rate from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that an early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D among at-risk children and may thus protect these children from progressing to T1D during childhood.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Evidence of the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained inconclusive. Our aim was to elucidate the possible role of CMV infection in the initiation of islet autoimmunity and in the progression to clinical T1D among children with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-conferred T1D risk. METHODS: A total of 1402 children from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were analyzed for CMV-specific IgG antibodies during early childhood. All the children carried HLA-DQ genotypes associated with increased risk for T1D. The effect of CMV infection on the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies (insulin autoantibodies [IAA], glutamic acid decarboxylase [GADA], and insulinoma antigen-2 [IA-2A], n = 356) and on the progression rate to clinical T1D (n = 233) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test. RESULTS: Early childhood CMV infection was inversely associated with the development of T1D during childhood. Cumulative progression to T1D was decreased in subjects with an early CMV infection (P = 0.035). In further analyses, the effect of early CMV infection on the initiation of islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical T1D were examined separately. Interestingly, early CMV infection did not affect the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies but a decelerating effect was observed on the progression rate from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that an early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D among at-risk children and may thus protect these children from progressing to T1D during childhood.
Authors: Joseph W Dean; Leeana D Peters; Christopher A Fuhrman; Howard R Seay; Amanda L Posgai; Scott E Stimpson; Maigan A Brusko; Daniel J Perry; Wen-I Yeh; Brittney N Newby; Michael J Haller; Andrew B Muir; Mark A Atkinson; Clayton E Mathews; Todd M Brusko Journal: J Autoimmun Date: 2020-02-06 Impact factor: 7.094
Authors: Clare L Faulkner; Yi Xuan Luo; Sonia Isaacs; William D Rawlinson; Maria E Craig; Ki Wook Kim Journal: Rev Med Virol Date: 2020-12-30 Impact factor: 6.989