Reem Eltayeb1, Duria A Rayis1, Manal E Sharif2, Abdel Bagi A Ahmed3, Osama Elhardello4, Ishag Adam1. 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 2. Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4. Scarborough General Hospital, Scarborough, UK.
Abstract
Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and child health. Investigations of anaemia and its predictors among pregnant women are needed for preventive measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and determinants of anaemia in early pregnancy in Khartoum, Sudan. Clinical characteristics were gathered using a questionnaire. Serum ferritin, magnesium and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using different laboratory methods. Results: Of the 180 women in the study, 65.0% had anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] <11 g/dl), 0.6% had severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dl), 38.9% had iron deficiency (serum ferritin <15 μg/l), 30.6% had iron deficiency anaemia (<11 g/dl and serum ferritin <15 μg/l) and 57.2% had magnesium deficiency (<1.80 mg/dl). There was no significant difference in the age, parity, gestational age, body mass index (BMI) and hs-CRP between anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women. Anaemic pregnant women had significantly lower levels of serum ferritin and serum magnesium. While age, parity, gestational age, BMI and hs-CRP were not associated with anaemia, low serum ferritin (odds ratio [OR] 0.97 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.96 to 0.99]) and low serum magnesium (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.84 to 0.99]) were associated with anaemia. There were significant positive correlations between Hb and serum ferritin (r=0.382, p<0.001) and serum magnesium (r=0.192, p=0.010). Conclusion: The role of magnesium as a possible contributing factor to anaemia in pregnancy has important implications for prevention and treatment of these women.
Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and child health. Investigations of anaemia and its predictors among pregnant women are needed for preventive measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and determinants of anaemia in early pregnancy in Khartoum, Sudan. Clinical characteristics were gathered using a questionnaire. Serum ferritin, magnesium and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using different laboratory methods. Results: Of the 180 women in the study, 65.0% had anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] <11 g/dl), 0.6% had severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dl), 38.9% had iron deficiency (serum ferritin <15 μg/l), 30.6% had iron deficiency anaemia (<11 g/dl and serum ferritin <15 μg/l) and 57.2% had magnesium deficiency (<1.80 mg/dl). There was no significant difference in the age, parity, gestational age, body mass index (BMI) and hs-CRP between anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women. Anaemic pregnant women had significantly lower levels of serum ferritin and serum magnesium. While age, parity, gestational age, BMI and hs-CRP were not associated with anaemia, low serum ferritin (odds ratio [OR] 0.97 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.96 to 0.99]) and low serum magnesium (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.84 to 0.99]) were associated with anaemia. There were significant positive correlations between Hb and serum ferritin (r=0.382, p<0.001) and serum magnesium (r=0.192, p=0.010). Conclusion: The role of magnesium as a possible contributing factor to anaemia in pregnancy has important implications for prevention and treatment of these women.