Amin Abolhasani Foroughi1, Ehsan Yazdanpanah1, Masoume Nazeri2, Tannaz Eghbali3, Peyman Arasteh4,5, Ali Ariafar6. 1. Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2. Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 3. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 4. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. 5. Department of MPH, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 6. Department of Urology, Urology Oncology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ariafara@sums.ac.ir.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Inhere, we compared two of the most common grading systems based on color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) and physical examination in patients suspected of varicocele. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Overall, 66 patients clinically suspected of varicocele were visited by an attending urologist and a radiologist for physical examination and CDU. Varicocele was then graded according to the WHO criteria and Sarteschi criteria. For comparing the results of the two grading systems, each grading systems was then categorized into four scoring groups. Clinical- and CDU-based scoring, and mean maximum variceal vein diameter (MMVD) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The two scoring systems were statistically similar (p < 0.001). CDU scoring of right and left testicles had significant agreement with clinical scoring of varicocele (κ = 0.723 and κ = 0.809, respectively; p < 0.001). MMDV was associated with clinical (right sided: r = 0.681; left sided: r = 0.797; p < 0.001) and ultrasonography scoring (right sided: r = 0.648; left sided: r = 0.821; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Grades zero, one and two in ultrasonographic grading are most compatible with grade zero (sub-clinical) in clinical evaluation; so these grades most probably remain undetected in routine physical examination. Furthermore, grade three in ultrasonography and grade one in clinical grading, grade four in ultrasonography and grade two in clinical grading, and finally grade five in ultrasonography and grade three in clinical grading are most compatible. So, by deducting two grades from the ultrasonography grading of varicocele measured by the Sarteschi method, one can obtain a compatible estimate of the clinical grading.
OBJECTIVE: Inhere, we compared two of the most common grading systems based on color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) and physical examination in patients suspected of varicocele. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Overall, 66 patients clinically suspected of varicocele were visited by an attending urologist and a radiologist for physical examination and CDU. Varicocele was then graded according to the WHO criteria and Sarteschi criteria. For comparing the results of the two grading systems, each grading systems was then categorized into four scoring groups. Clinical- and CDU-based scoring, and mean maximum variceal vein diameter (MMVD) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The two scoring systems were statistically similar (p < 0.001). CDU scoring of right and left testicles had significant agreement with clinical scoring of varicocele (κ = 0.723 and κ = 0.809, respectively; p < 0.001). MMDV was associated with clinical (right sided: r = 0.681; left sided: r = 0.797; p < 0.001) and ultrasonography scoring (right sided: r = 0.648; left sided: r = 0.821; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Grades zero, one and two in ultrasonographic grading are most compatible with grade zero (sub-clinical) in clinical evaluation; so these grades most probably remain undetected in routine physical examination. Furthermore, grade three in ultrasonography and grade one in clinical grading, grade four in ultrasonography and grade two in clinical grading, and finally grade five in ultrasonography and grade three in clinical grading are most compatible. So, by deducting two grades from the ultrasonography grading of varicocele measured by the Sarteschi method, one can obtain a compatible estimate of the clinical grading.
Entities:
Keywords:
Clinical; Color Doppler ultrasonography; Grading; Varicocele
Authors: E Carlsen; A G Andersen; L Buchreitz; N Jørgensen; O Magnus; V Matulevicuus; I Nermoen; J H Petersen; M Punab; J Suominen; B Zilaitiene; A Giwercman Journal: Int J Androl Date: 2000-08
Authors: Jonathan P Jarow; Ira D Sharlip; Arnold M Belker; Larry I Lipshultz; Mark Sigman; Anthony J Thomas; Peter N Schlegel; Stuart S Howards; Ajay Nehra; Marian D Damewood; James W Overstreet; Richard Sadovsky Journal: J Urol Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 7.450