Giyeon Kim1, Sylvia Y Wang2, Martin Sellbom3. 1. Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. 3. Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study examined differences by race/ethnicity in the measurement equivalence of the Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) among older adults in the United States. METHOD: Drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), adults aged 65 years and older from three racial/ethnic groups (n = 1,200) were selected for the analyses from a total of 8,245: 400 non-Hispanic Whites, 400 African Americans, and 400 Hispanics/Latinos. We tested measurement equivalence of the SWBS that is categorized into three domains: positive and negative affect (four items), self-realization (four items), and self-efficacy and resilience (three items). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test measurement invariance. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, and education, the underlying construct of the SWBS was noninvariant across three racial/ethnic elderly groups. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that the comparison of latent means (especially for positive and negative affect and self-realization) across racial/ethnic groups is highly questionable. The SWBS should be used with extreme caution when it is applied to diverse racial/ethnic elderly groups for comparison purposes. Implications are discussed in cultural and methodological contexts.
OBJECTIVES: The present study examined differences by race/ethnicity in the measurement equivalence of the Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) among older adults in the United States. METHOD: Drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), adults aged 65 years and older from three racial/ethnic groups (n = 1,200) were selected for the analyses from a total of 8,245: 400 non-Hispanic Whites, 400 African Americans, and 400 Hispanics/Latinos. We tested measurement equivalence of the SWBS that is categorized into three domains: positive and negative affect (four items), self-realization (four items), and self-efficacy and resilience (three items). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test measurement invariance. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, and education, the underlying construct of the SWBS was noninvariant across three racial/ethnic elderly groups. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that the comparison of latent means (especially for positive and negative affect and self-realization) across racial/ethnic groups is highly questionable. The SWBS should be used with extreme caution when it is applied to diverse racial/ethnic elderly groups for comparison purposes. Implications are discussed in cultural and methodological contexts.
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