Adílis Kalina Alexandria1, Camila Nassur1, Carolina Bezerra Cavalcanti Nóbrega2, Luciana Salles Branco-de-Almeida3, Katia Regina Netto Dos Santos4, Alexandre Rezende Vieira5, Aline Almeida Neves1, Pedro Luiz Rosalen6, Ana Maria Gondim Valença7, Lucianne Cople Maia8,9. 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2. Center for Rural Health and Technology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. 3. Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. 4. Department of Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 5. Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 6. Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 7. Department of Clinical and Social Odontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. 8. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. rorefa@terra.com.br. 9. Disciplina de Odontopediatria da FO-UFRJ, Cidade Universitária - CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-971, Brazil. rorefa@terra.com.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological changes, oral soft tissue toxicity, and caries-preventive effect of an experimental titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish compared with a commercially available fluoride varnish (NaF), using in situ and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment groups were the following: TiF4 varnish (experimental varnish), Duraphat® (fluoride positive control), placebo varnish (no fluoride), and no treatment (negative control). The varnishes were applied once over the enamel surface using a microbrush. For the in vivo study, 48 Wistar rats were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, received a treatment, and were submitted to a cariogenic challenge. After 4 weeks, S. sobrinus, oral soft tissue toxicity, presence, and severity of caries were evaluated. For the in situ study, 12 volunteers took part in this randomized crossover, double-blind study performed in four phases of 14 days each. They used intraoral appliances containing four enamel specimens that received the varnish according treatment group. After 24 h, the varnish was removed and plaque accumulation was allowed. A 20% sucrose solution was dripped over the enamel blocks (10×/day for 5 min each). Total streptococci, S. mutans, Lactobacillus, Candida spp. counts, and presence of white spot lesions were evaluated. Lesion depth was also quantified by micro-CT. RESULTS: For the in vivo study, the fluoride (F-varnishes) showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of S. sobrinus compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Toxicological analysis revealed no abnormalities in oral tissues of rats from all groups, and both F-varnishes reduced the number and severity of caries lesions, without significant differences (p < 0.05). No statistical differences in microbiological counts were seen for the in situ experiment (p > 0.05). However, the specimens treated with TiF4 exhibited lower percentage of white spot lesions and the lesion depth was significantly reduced by F-varnishes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: F-varnishes showed reduction in the percentage of S. sobrinus in vivo, no oral soft tissue toxicity, and a caries-preventive effect in vivo and in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NaF varnish is largely used due its capacity to form CaF2-like layer on enamel. Therefore, development of studies focused on other fluoride compounds such as a TiF4 varnish, which may have greater efficacy than NaF against tooth demineralization, is important.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological changes, oral soft tissue toxicity, and caries-preventive effect of an experimental titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish compared with a commercially available fluoride varnish (NaF), using in situ and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment groups were the following: TiF4 varnish (experimental varnish), Duraphat® (fluoride positive control), placebo varnish (no fluoride), and no treatment (negative control). The varnishes were applied once over the enamel surface using a microbrush. For the in vivo study, 48 Wistar rats were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, received a treatment, and were submitted to a cariogenic challenge. After 4 weeks, S. sobrinus, oral soft tissue toxicity, presence, and severity of caries were evaluated. For the in situ study, 12 volunteers took part in this randomized crossover, double-blind study performed in four phases of 14 days each. They used intraoral appliances containing four enamel specimens that received the varnish according treatment group. After 24 h, the varnish was removed and plaque accumulation was allowed. A 20% sucrose solution was dripped over the enamel blocks (10×/day for 5 min each). Total streptococci, S. mutans, Lactobacillus, Candida spp. counts, and presence of white spot lesions were evaluated. Lesion depth was also quantified by micro-CT. RESULTS: For the in vivo study, the fluoride (F-varnishes) showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of S. sobrinus compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Toxicological analysis revealed no abnormalities in oral tissues of rats from all groups, and both F-varnishes reduced the number and severity of caries lesions, without significant differences (p < 0.05). No statistical differences in microbiological counts were seen for the in situ experiment (p > 0.05). However, the specimens treated with TiF4 exhibited lower percentage of white spot lesions and the lesion depth was significantly reduced by F-varnishes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: F-varnishes showed reduction in the percentage of S. sobrinus in vivo, no oral soft tissue toxicity, and a caries-preventive effect in vivo and in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NaF varnish is largely used due its capacity to form CaF2-like layer on enamel. Therefore, development of studies focused on other fluoride compounds such as a TiF4 varnish, which may have greater efficacy than NaF against tooth demineralization, is important.
Authors: Cynthia M Pine; Pauline M Adair; Alison D Nicoll; Girvan Burnside; Poul Erik Petersen; David Beighton; Angela Gillett; Ruth Anderson; Shahid Anwar; Susan Brailsford; Zdenek Broukal; Ivor G Chestnutt; Dominique Declerck; Feng Xi Ping; Roberto Ferro; Ruth Freeman; Tshepo Gugushe; Rebecca Harris; Brent Lin; Edward C M Lo; Gerardo Maupomé; Mohamed Hanif Moola; Sudeshni Naidoo; Francisco Ramos-Gomez; Lakshman P Samaranayake; Swarngit Shahid; Marit Slåttelid Skeie; Christian Splieth; Betty King Sutton; Teo Choo Soo; Helen Whelton Journal: Community Dent Health Date: 2004-03 Impact factor: 1.349
Authors: Thiago I Vieira; Adílis K Alexandria; Jaqueline C V Menezes; Lilian H do Amaral; Thaís M P Dos Santos; Aline de A Neves; Ricardo T Lopes; Lúcio M Cabral; Ana M G Valença; Lucianne C Maia Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2020-03-31 Impact factor: 3.573