Konstantinos Vazouras1,2, Romain Basmaci3,4, Julia Bielicki5,6, Laura Folgori5, Theoklis Zaoutis7,8, Mike Sharland5, Yingfen Hsia5. 1. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. k.vazouras@cleoresearch.org. 2. The Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens, Athens, Greece. k.vazouras@cleoresearch.org. 3. Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1137, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 4. Service de Pédiatrie-Urgences, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, 92700, Colombes, France. 5. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. 6. Paediatric Pharmacology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 7. The Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 8. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections among children. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the antimicrobials used for febrile UTIs in paediatric clinical trials and meta-analyse the observed cure rates and reasons for treatment failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane central databases between January 1, 1990, and November 24, 2016, combining MeSH and free-text terms for: "urinary tract infections", AND "therapeutics", AND "clinical trials" in children (age range 0-18 years). Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction. The major outcome measures were clinical and microbiological cure rates according to different antibiotics. RESULTS: We identified 2762 published studies and included 30 clinical trials investigating 3913 cases of paediatric febrile urinary tract infections. Children with no underlying condition were the main population included in the trials (n = 2602; 66.5%). Cephalosporins were the most frequent antibiotics studied in trials (22/30, 73.3%). Only a few antibiotics active against resistant UTIs have been tested in randomised clinical trials, mainly aminoglycosides. The average point cure rate of all investigational drugs was estimated to 95.3% (95% CI 93.5-96.9%). Among 3002 patients for whom cure and failure rates were reported, only 3.9% (3.9%; 118/3002) were considered clinically to have treatment failure, while 135 (4.5%; 135/3002) had microbiological failure. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high treatment cure rates, regardless of the investigational drug chosen, the route of administration, duration and dosing. This suggests that future research should prioritise observational studies and clinical trials on children with multi-drug-resistant infections.
PURPOSE:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections among children. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the antimicrobials used for febrile UTIs in paediatric clinical trials and meta-analyse the observed cure rates and reasons for treatment failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane central databases between January 1, 1990, and November 24, 2016, combining MeSH and free-text terms for: "urinary tract infections", AND "therapeutics", AND "clinical trials" in children (age range 0-18 years). Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction. The major outcome measures were clinical and microbiological cure rates according to different antibiotics. RESULTS: We identified 2762 published studies and included 30 clinical trials investigating 3913 cases of paediatric febrile urinary tract infections. Children with no underlying condition were the main population included in the trials (n = 2602; 66.5%). Cephalosporins were the most frequent antibiotics studied in trials (22/30, 73.3%). Only a few antibiotics active against resistant UTIs have been tested in randomised clinical trials, mainly aminoglycosides. The average point cure rate of all investigational drugs was estimated to 95.3% (95% CI 93.5-96.9%). Among 3002 patients for whom cure and failure rates were reported, only 3.9% (3.9%; 118/3002) were considered clinically to have treatment failure, while 135 (4.5%; 135/3002) had microbiological failure. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high treatment cure rates, regardless of the investigational drug chosen, the route of administration, duration and dosing. This suggests that future research should prioritise observational studies and clinical trials on children with multi-drug-resistant infections.
Authors: Florentia Kaguelidou; Mark A Turner; Imti Choonara; John van den Anker; John van Anker; Paolo Manzoni; Corinne Alberti; Jean-Paul Langhendries; Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain Journal: Br J Clin Pharmacol Date: 2013-07 Impact factor: 4.335