Antisolvent with an Ultrawide Processing Window for the One-Step Fabrication of Efficient and Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells.

Photovoltaic technologies based on perovskite absorber materials have led this optoelectronic field into a brand-new horizon. However, the present antisolvents used in the one-step spin-coating method always encounter problems with the very narrow process window. Herein, anisole is introduced into the one-step spin-coating method, and the technology is developed to fabricate perovskite thin films with ultrawide processing window with a dimethylformamide (DMF):dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ratio varying from 6:4 to 9:1 in the precursor solution, anisole dripping time ranging from 5 to 25 s, and an antisolvent volume varying from 0.1 to 0.9 mL. Perovskite thin films as large as 100 cm2 are successfully fabricated using this method. Maximum photoelectric conversion efficiencies of 19.76% for small-area (0.14 cm2 ) and 17.39% for large-area (1.08 cm2 ) perovskite solar cell devices are obtained. It is also found that there are intermolecular hydrogen-bonding forces between anisole and DMF/DMSO that play critical roles in the wide process window. These results provide a deeper understanding of the crystallizing procedure of perovskite during the one-step spin-coating process.