Clara Helene Glazer1, Shufeng Li2, Chiyuan Amy Zhang2, Aleksander Giwercman3, Jens Peter Bonde4, Michael L Eisenberg2. 1. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: clara.helene.glazer.01@regionh.dk. 2. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 3. Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 4. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize sociodemographic differences in semen parameters among US men undergoing a semen analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men who provided a semen sample were identified from insurance claims between 2007 and 2016. Differences in semen parameters were characterized according to age, race, education, and region. Mean semen parameters and proportions of men with suboptimal parameters were compared and risks of oligospermia and azoospermia were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 7263 men included, most men were white (55.1%), Hispanic (20.2%), or Asian (10.2%). Asians had the highest mean semen concentrations (69.2 × 106/mL), whereas blacks had the lowest (51.3 × 106/mL). Men from the Midwest were more likely to have oligospermia (odds ratio [OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-1.94), whereas men from the West were less likely (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.82-0.94) when compared with men from South. An association between education and sperm concentration was observed. For example, men with a high school diploma or less were more likely to have oligospermia (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.95-1.26), whereas men with at least a bachelor degree were less likely (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-1.0) when compared with men with less than a bachelor degree. CONCLUSION: As we observed differences in semen quality based on sociodemographic factors, these findings may have clinical implications as relying on a single reference value when guiding infertile couples may be problematic given these variations. Further work is warranted to understand the etiology of such differences and determine if different normative reference values may apply for different populations.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize sociodemographic differences in semen parameters among US men undergoing a semen analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Men who provided a semen sample were identified from insurance claims between 2007 and 2016. Differences in semen parameters were characterized according to age, race, education, and region. Mean semen parameters and proportions of men with suboptimal parameters were compared and risks of oligospermia and azoospermia were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 7263 men included, most men were white (55.1%), Hispanic (20.2%), or Asian (10.2%). Asians had the highest mean semen concentrations (69.2 × 106/mL), whereas blacks had the lowest (51.3 × 106/mL). Men from the Midwest were more likely to have oligospermia (odds ratio [OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-1.94), whereas men from the West were less likely (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.82-0.94) when compared with men from South. An association between education and sperm concentration was observed. For example, men with a high school diploma or less were more likely to have oligospermia (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.95-1.26), whereas men with at least a bachelor degree were less likely (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-1.0) when compared with men with less than a bachelor degree. CONCLUSION: As we observed differences in semen quality based on sociodemographic factors, these findings may have clinical implications as relying on a single reference value when guiding infertile couples may be problematic given these variations. Further work is warranted to understand the etiology of such differences and determine if different normative reference values may apply for different populations.
Authors: Daniel R Greenberg; Hriday P Bhambhvani; Satvir S Basran; Brett P Salazar; Luis Carl Rios; Sin-Jin Li; Che-Hong Chen; Daria Mochly-Rosen; Michael L Eisenberg Journal: J Urol Date: 2022-03-28 Impact factor: 7.600
Authors: Nathan L McCray; Heather A Young; Michael S Irwig; David Frankfurter; Arnold M Schwartz; Jeannine Witmyer; Marijane Hynes; Vimala V Jayanthi; Mia Marcus; Mihir Patel; Melissa J Perry Journal: Am J Mens Health Date: 2020 May-Jun
Authors: Nathan McCray; Lance Thompson; Francesca Branch; Nicholas Porter; James Peterson; Melissa J Perry Journal: Am J Mens Health Date: 2020 Jan-Feb
Authors: Melissa J Perry; Suzanne Arrington; Marlaina S Freisthler; Ifeoma N Ibe; Nathan L McCray; Laura M Neumann; Patrick Tajanlangit; Brenda M Trejo Rosas Journal: Environ Health Date: 2021-11-17 Impact factor: 5.984
Authors: Katarzyna Olszak-Wasik; Andrzej Tukiendorf; Aleksandra Kasperczyk; Artur Wdowiak; Stanislaw Horak Journal: Asian J Androl Date: 2022 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 3.285