Eddie Ip1, Justin O Szot1, David S Winlaw1,2,3, Eleni Giannoulatou1,4, Sally L Dunwoodie5,6, Dimuthu Alankarage1, Jacob Munro1, Gillian M Blue1,2,3, Katrina Harrison7, Hartmut Cuny1,4, Annabelle Enriquez1,3,4,8, Michael Troup1, David T Humphreys1, Meredith Wilson3,8, Richard P Harvey1,4, Gary F Sholler2,3, Robert M Graham1,4, Joshua W K Ho1,4, Edwin P Kirk9, Nicholas Pachter7,10, Gavin Chapman1. 1. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia. 2. Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. 3. Divisions of Genetic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 4. Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 5. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia. s.dunwoodie@victorchang.edu.au. 6. Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. s.dunwoodie@victorchang.edu.au. 7. Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia. 8. Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. 9. Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 10. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births. However, a genetic diagnosis is not made in most cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of genome sequencing (GS) of a heterogeneous cohort of CHD patients. METHODS: Ninety-seven families with probands born with CHD requiring surgical correction were recruited for genome sequencing. At minimum, a proband-parents trio was sequenced per family. GS data were analyzed via a two-tiered method: application of a high-confidence gene screen (hcCHD), and comprehensive analysis. Identified variants were assessed for pathogenicity using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines. RESULTS: Clinically relevant genetic variants in known and emerging CHD genes were identified. The hcCHD screen identified a clinically actionable variant in 22% of families. Subsequent comprehensive analysis identified a clinically actionable variant in an additional 9% of families in genes with recent disease associations. Overall, this two-tiered approach provided a clinically relevant variant for 31% of families. CONCLUSIONS: Interrogating GS data using our two-tiered method allowed identification of variants with high clinical utility in a third of our heterogeneous cohort. However, association of emerging genes with CHD etiology, and development of novel technologies for variant assessment and interpretation, will increase diagnostic yield during future reassessment of our GS data.
PURPOSE: Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births. However, a genetic diagnosis is not made in most cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of genome sequencing (GS) of a heterogeneous cohort of CHD patients. METHODS: Ninety-seven families with probands born with CHD requiring surgical correction were recruited for genome sequencing. At minimum, a proband-parents trio was sequenced per family. GS data were analyzed via a two-tiered method: application of a high-confidence gene screen (hcCHD), and comprehensive analysis. Identified variants were assessed for pathogenicity using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines. RESULTS: Clinically relevant genetic variants in known and emerging CHD genes were identified. The hcCHD screen identified a clinically actionable variant in 22% of families. Subsequent comprehensive analysis identified a clinically actionable variant in an additional 9% of families in genes with recent disease associations. Overall, this two-tiered approach provided a clinically relevant variant for 31% of families. CONCLUSIONS: Interrogating GS data using our two-tiered method allowed identification of variants with high clinical utility in a third of our heterogeneous cohort. However, association of emerging genes with CHD etiology, and development of novel technologies for variant assessment and interpretation, will increase diagnostic yield during future reassessment of our GS data.
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