Hexing Wang1, Chuanxi Tang2, Jiaqi Yang1, Na Wang1, Feng Jiang1, Qinghua Xia2, Gengsheng He1, Yue Chen3, Qingwu Jiang4. 1. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 2. Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai 200051, China. 3. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada. Electronic address: Yue.Chen@uottawa.ca. 4. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: jiangqw@fudan.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An extensive exposure to antibiotics has been confirmed in children, but the predictors and potential health risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictors of antibiotics in urine and potential health risk in children of Shanghai. METHODS: We selected 284 school children aged 8-11 years from a central area of Shanghai, China, in 2017. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to measure 20 antibiotics, including four human antibiotics (HAs), six veterinary antibiotics (VAs), 10 human/veterinary antibiotics (H/VAs), and three metabolites in first morning urine. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of 17 variables related to demographic and socioeconomic factors, recent antibiotic use, drinking water intake, food consumption, and anthropometric measurements with the detection frequency of HAs, VAs, or H/VAs in urine. After daily intake was estimated, health risk was assessed for VAs and H/VAs by using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) based on microbiological or toxicological effects. RESULTS: The detection frequencies of 20 antibiotics and three metabolites ranged from 0 to 27.8% with an overall detection frequency being 56.0%. The detection frequency of HAs increased with age and screen time at weekend. Sex, age, family income and screen time were positively associated with the detection frequencies of VAs and H/VAs. Children reporting antibiotic use in the past three months had a higher detection frequency of HAs. Children with a higher consumption frequency of dairy products had a higher detection frequency of VAs + H/VAs, but a lower detection frequency of HAs. An increased overall detection frequency of all antibiotics was seen in children with higher consumption frequencies of aquatic products, livestock and poultry meat, or milk and dairy products. HQ >1 was only found for ciprofloxacin (5.6%) and ofloxacin (0.4%) based on microbiological effect. HI >1 was found in 6.0% of children for microbiological effect and none was found for toxicological effect. CONCLUSIONS: Predictors for antibiotics in urine for children included sex, age, family income, screen time, clinical use, and animal-derived food consumption. There was potential health risk for children with exposure to antibiotics. Crown
BACKGROUND: An extensive exposure to antibiotics has been confirmed in children, but the predictors and potential health risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictors of antibiotics in urine and potential health risk in children of Shanghai. METHODS: We selected 284 school children aged 8-11 years from a central area of Shanghai, China, in 2017. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to measure 20 antibiotics, including four human antibiotics (HAs), six veterinary antibiotics (VAs), 10 human/veterinary antibiotics (H/VAs), and three metabolites in first morning urine. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of 17 variables related to demographic and socioeconomic factors, recent antibiotic use, drinking water intake, food consumption, and anthropometric measurements with the detection frequency of HAs, VAs, or H/VAs in urine. After daily intake was estimated, health risk was assessed for VAs and H/VAs by using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) based on microbiological or toxicological effects. RESULTS: The detection frequencies of 20 antibiotics and three metabolites ranged from 0 to 27.8% with an overall detection frequency being 56.0%. The detection frequency of HAs increased with age and screen time at weekend. Sex, age, family income and screen time were positively associated with the detection frequencies of VAs and H/VAs. Children reporting antibiotic use in the past three months had a higher detection frequency of HAs. Children with a higher consumption frequency of dairy products had a higher detection frequency of VAs + H/VAs, but a lower detection frequency of HAs. An increased overall detection frequency of all antibiotics was seen in children with higher consumption frequencies of aquatic products, livestock and poultry meat, or milk and dairy products. HQ >1 was only found for ciprofloxacin (5.6%) and ofloxacin (0.4%) based on microbiological effect. HI >1 was found in 6.0% of children for microbiological effect and none was found for toxicological effect. CONCLUSIONS: Predictors for antibiotics in urine for children included sex, age, family income, screen time, clinical use, and animal-derived food consumption. There was potential health risk for children with exposure to antibiotics. Crown
Authors: Maya L Nadimpalli; Sara J Marks; Maria Camila Montealegre; Robert H Gilman; Monica J Pajuelo; Mayuko Saito; Pablo Tsukayama; Sammy M Njenga; John Kiiru; Jenna Swarthout; Mohammad Aminul Islam; Timothy R Julian; Amy J Pickering Journal: Nat Microbiol Date: 2020-05-25 Impact factor: 17.745