Nashwan Al-Afifi1, Aied Alabsi2,3, Fahmi Kaid1, Marina Bakri1, Anand Ramanathan4,5. 1. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. aied_absi@yahoo.com. 3. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia. aied_absi@yahoo.com. 4. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5. Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In vivo study was performed to determine the chemopreventive efficacy of the DC resin methanol extract on a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) oral cancer animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involves administration of 4NQO solution for 8 weeks alone (cancer induction) or with Dracaena cinnabari (DC) extract at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. DC extract administration started 1 week before exposure until 1 week after the carcinogen exposure was stopped. All rats were sacrificed after 22 weeks, and histological analysis was performed to assess any incidence of pathological changes. Immunohistochemical expressions of selected tumor marker antibodies were analyzed using an image analyzer computer system, and the expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis and proliferative mechanism related to oral cancer were evaluated using RT2-PCR. RESULTS: The incidence of OSCC decreased with the administration of DC extract at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg compared to the induced cancer group. The developed tumor was also observed to be smaller when compared to the induced cancer group. The DC 1000 mg/kg group inhibits the expression of Cyclin D1, Ki-67, Bcl-2, and p53 proteins. It was observed that DC 1000 mg/kg induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bax and Casp3 genes and downregulation of Tp53, Bcl-2, Cox-2, Cyclin D1, and EGFR genes when compared to the induced cancer group. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that systemic administration of the DC resin methanol extract has anticarcinogenic potency on oral carcinogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chemoprevention with DC resin methanol extract may significantly reduce morbidity and possibly mortality from OSCC.
OBJECTIVES: In vivo study was performed to determine the chemopreventive efficacy of the DC resin methanolextract on a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) oral cancer animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involves administration of 4NQO solution for 8 weeks alone (cancer induction) or with Dracaena cinnabari (DC) extract at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. DCextract administration started 1 week before exposure until 1 week after the carcinogen exposure was stopped. All rats were sacrificed after 22 weeks, and histological analysis was performed to assess any incidence of pathological changes. Immunohistochemical expressions of selected tumor marker antibodies were analyzed using an image analyzer computer system, and the expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis and proliferative mechanism related to oral cancer were evaluated using RT2-PCR. RESULTS: The incidence of OSCC decreased with the administration of DCextract at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg compared to the induced cancer group. The developed tumor was also observed to be smaller when compared to the induced cancer group. The DC 1000 mg/kg group inhibits the expression of Cyclin D1, Ki-67, Bcl-2, and p53 proteins. It was observed that DC 1000 mg/kg induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bax and Casp3 genes and downregulation of Tp53, Bcl-2, Cox-2, Cyclin D1, and EGFR genes when compared to the induced cancer group. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that systemic administration of the DC resin methanolextract has anticarcinogenic potency on oral carcinogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chemoprevention with DC resin methanolextract may significantly reduce morbidity and possibly mortality from OSCC.
Authors: Tobias R Spuldaro; Vivian P Wagner; Felipe Nör; Eduardo J Gaio; Cristiane H Squarize; Vinicius C Carrard; Cassiano K Rösing; Rogerio M Castilho Journal: Int J Oncol Date: 2022-05-06 Impact factor: 5.884