Adrienne Müller Herde1, Roger Schibli1, Markus Weber2, Simon M Ametamey3. 1. Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. 2. Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland. 3. Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, PSI, and USZ, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of ETH, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. simon.ametamey@pharma.ethz.ch.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the expression levels of mGluR5 in different mouse strains after induction of neuroinflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) post mortem to investigate mGluR5 expression in human neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: C57BL/6 and CD1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 10 mg/kg LPS or saline. mGluR5 and TSPO mRNA levels were measured after 1 and 5 days by qPCR, and mGluR5 protein levels were determined by PET imaging with the mGluR5-specific radiotracer [18F]PSS232. mGluR5 expression was evaluated in the post-mortem brain slices from AD and ALS patients using in vitro autoradiography. RESULTS: mGluR5 and TSPO mRNA levels were increased in brains of C57BL/6 and CD1 mice 1 day after LPS treatment and remained significantly increased after 5 days in C57BL/6 mice but not in CD1 mice. Brain PET imaging with [18F]PSS232 confirmed increased mGluR5 levels in the brains of both mouse strains 1 day after LPS treatment. After 5 days, mGluR5 levels in CD1 mice declined to the levels in vehicle-treated mice but remained high in C57BL/6 mice. Autoradiograms revealed a severalfold higher binding of [18F]PSS232 in post-mortem brain slices from AD and ALS patients compared with the binding in control brains. CONCLUSION: LPS-induced neuroinflammation increased mGluR5 levels in mouse brain and is dependent on the mouse strain and time after LPS treatment. mGluR5 levels were also increased in human AD and ALS brains in vitro. PET imaging of mGluR5 levels could potentially be used to diagnose and monitor therapy outcomes in patients with AD and ALS.
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the expression levels of mGluR5 in different mouse strains after induction of neuroinflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) post mortem to investigate mGluR5 expression in humanneurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: C57BL/6 and CD1mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 10 mg/kg LPS or saline. mGluR5 and TSPO mRNA levels were measured after 1 and 5 days by qPCR, and mGluR5 protein levels were determined by PET imaging with the mGluR5-specific radiotracer [18F]PSS232. mGluR5 expression was evaluated in the post-mortem brain slices from AD and ALSpatients using in vitro autoradiography. RESULTS:mGluR5 and TSPO mRNA levels were increased in brains of C57BL/6 and CD1mice 1 day after LPS treatment and remained significantly increased after 5 days in C57BL/6 mice but not in CD1mice. Brain PET imaging with [18F]PSS232 confirmed increased mGluR5 levels in the brains of both mouse strains 1 day after LPS treatment. After 5 days, mGluR5 levels in CD1mice declined to the levels in vehicle-treated mice but remained high in C57BL/6 mice. Autoradiograms revealed a severalfold higher binding of [18F]PSS232 in post-mortem brain slices from AD and ALSpatients compared with the binding in control brains. CONCLUSION:LPS-induced neuroinflammation increased mGluR5 levels in mouse brain and is dependent on the mouse strain and time after LPS treatment. mGluR5 levels were also increased in humanAD and ALS brains in vitro. PET imaging of mGluR5 levels could potentially be used to diagnose and monitor therapy outcomes in patients with AD and ALS.
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