Guillaume Pouessel1,2,3, Paul J Turner4,5, Margitta Worm6, Victòria Cardona7,8, Antoine Deschildre2,3, Etienne Beaudouin3,9, Jean-Marie Renaudin3,10, Pascal Demoly11,12, Luciana K Tanno11,12,13. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Roubaix, France. 2. Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Pôle enfant, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille and Université Nord de France, Lille, France. 3. Allergy Vigilance Network, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France. 4. Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK. 5. Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 6. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charite -Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 7. Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 8. Spanish Allergy Research Network ARADyal, Madrid, Spain. 9. Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, CHR Metz-Thionville, Mercy Hospital, France. 10. Pediatric Allergy Care Unit University Hospital, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France. 11. University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 12. INSERM, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. 13. Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis hospitalizations are increasing in many countries, in particular for medication and food triggers in young children. Food-related anaphylaxis remains an uncommon cause of death, but a significant proportion of these are preventable. AIM: To review published epidemiological data relating to food-induced anaphylaxis and potential risk factors of fatal and/or near-fatal anaphylaxis cases, in order to provide strategies to reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes in food anaphylaxis. METHODS: We identified 32 published studies available in MEDLINE (1966-2017), EMBASE (1980-2017), CINAHL (1982-2017), using known terms and synonyms suggested by librarians and allergy specialists. RESULTS: Young adults with a history of asthma, previously known food allergy particularly to peanut/tree nuts are at higher risk of fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In some countries, cow's milk and seafood/fish are also becoming common triggers of fatal reactions. Delayed adrenaline injection is associated with fatal outcomes, but timely adrenaline alone may be insufficient. There is still a lack of evidence regarding the real impact of these risk factors and co-factors (medications and/or alcohol consumption, physical activities, and mast cell disorders). CONCLUSIONS: General strategies should include optimization of the classification and coding for anaphylaxis (new ICD 11 anaphylaxis codes), dissemination of international recommendations on the treatment of anaphylaxis, improvement of the prevention in food and catering areas, and dissemination of specific policies for allergic children in schools. Implementation of these strategies will involve national and international support for ongoing local efforts in relationship with networks of centres of excellence to provide personalized management (which might include immunotherapy) for the most at-risk patients.
BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis hospitalizations are increasing in many countries, in particular for medication and food triggers in young children. Food-related anaphylaxis remains an uncommon cause of death, but a significant proportion of these are preventable. AIM: To review published epidemiological data relating to food-induced anaphylaxis and potential risk factors of fatal and/or near-fatal anaphylaxis cases, in order to provide strategies to reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes in food anaphylaxis. METHODS: We identified 32 published studies available in MEDLINE (1966-2017), EMBASE (1980-2017), CINAHL (1982-2017), using known terms and synonyms suggested by librarians and allergy specialists. RESULTS: Young adults with a history of asthma, previously known food allergy particularly to peanut/tree nuts are at higher risk of fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In some countries, cow's milk and seafood/fish are also becoming common triggers of fatal reactions. Delayed adrenaline injection is associated with fatal outcomes, but timely adrenaline alone may be insufficient. There is still a lack of evidence regarding the real impact of these risk factors and co-factors (medications and/or alcohol consumption, physical activities, and mast cell disorders). CONCLUSIONS: General strategies should include optimization of the classification and coding for anaphylaxis (new ICD 11 anaphylaxis codes), dissemination of international recommendations on the treatment of anaphylaxis, improvement of the prevention in food and catering areas, and dissemination of specific policies for allergicchildren in schools. Implementation of these strategies will involve national and international support for ongoing local efforts in relationship with networks of centres of excellence to provide personalized management (which might include immunotherapy) for the most at-risk patients.
Authors: Timothy E Dribin; David Schnadower; Julie Wang; Carlos A Camargo; Kenneth A Michelson; Marcus Shaker; Susan A Rudders; David Vyles; David B K Golden; Jonathan M Spergel; Ronna L Campbell; Mark I Neuman; Peter S Capucilli; Michael Pistiner; Mariana Castells; Juhee Lee; David C Brousseau; Lynda C Schneider; Amal H Assa'ad; Kimberly A Risma; Rakesh D Mistry; Dianne E Campbell; Margitta Worm; Paul J Turner; John K Witry; Yin Zhang; Brad Sobolewski; Hugh A Sampson Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2021-08-12 Impact factor: 10.793
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