Karen C Albright1, Lei Huang2, Justin Blackburn2, George Howard2, Michael Mullen2, Vera Bittner2, Paul Muntner2, Virginia Howard2. 1. From the Departments of Epidemiology (K.C.A., L.H., P.M., V.H.), Health Care Organization and Policy (J.B.), Biostatistics (G.H.), and Medicine (V.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (K.C.A.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL; and Department of Neurology (M.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. albrighk@upstate.edu. 2. From the Departments of Epidemiology (K.C.A., L.H., P.M., V.H.), Health Care Organization and Policy (J.B.), Biostatistics (G.H.), and Medicine (V.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (K.C.A.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL; and Department of Neurology (M.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine black-white differences in 1-year recurrent stroke and 30-day case fatality after a recurrent stroke in older US adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with fee-for-service health insurance coverage who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke between 1999 and 2013. Hazard ratios for recurrent ischemic stroke and risk ratios for 30-day case fatality comparing blacks to whites were calculated with adjustment for demographics, risk factors, and competing risk of death when appropriate. RESULTS: Among 128,789 Medicare beneficiaries having an ischemic stroke (mean age 80 years [SD 8 years], 60.4% male), 11.1% were black. The incidence rate of recurrent ischemic stroke per 1,000 person-years for whites and blacks was 108 (95% confidence interval [CI], 106-111) and 154 (95% CI 147-162) , respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent stroke among blacks compared with whites was 1.36 (95% CI 1.29-1.44). The case fatality after recurrent stroke for blacks and whites was 21% (95% CI 21%-22%) and 16% (95% CI 15%-18%), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk for mortality within 30 days of a recurrent stroke among blacks compared with whites was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.93). CONCLUSION: The risk of stroke recurrence among older Americans hospitalized for ischemic stroke is higher for blacks compared to whites, while 30-day case fatality after recurrent stroke remains lower for blacks.
OBJECTIVE: To determine black-white differences in 1-year recurrent stroke and 30-day case fatality after a recurrent stroke in older US adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with fee-for-service health insurance coverage who were hospitalized for ischemic stroke between 1999 and 2013. Hazard ratios for recurrent ischemic stroke and risk ratios for 30-day case fatality comparing blacks to whites were calculated with adjustment for demographics, risk factors, and competing risk of death when appropriate. RESULTS: Among 128,789 Medicare beneficiaries having an ischemic stroke (mean age 80 years [SD 8 years], 60.4% male), 11.1% were black. The incidence rate of recurrent ischemic stroke per 1,000 person-years for whites and blacks was 108 (95% confidence interval [CI], 106-111) and 154 (95% CI 147-162) , respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent stroke among blacks compared with whites was 1.36 (95% CI 1.29-1.44). The case fatality after recurrent stroke for blacks and whites was 21% (95% CI 21%-22%) and 16% (95% CI 15%-18%), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk for mortality within 30 days of a recurrent stroke among blacks compared with whites was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.93). CONCLUSION: The risk of stroke recurrence among older Americans hospitalized for ischemic stroke is higher for blacks compared to whites, while 30-day case fatality after recurrent stroke remains lower for blacks.
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