Evaluation of Skin Deformation Tactile Feedback for Teleoperated Surgical Tasks.

During interaction with objects using a tool, we experience force and tactile feedback. One form of tactile feedback is local fingerpad skin deformation. In this paper, we provide haptic feedback to users of a teleoperation system through a skin deformation tactile feedback device. The device is able to provide tangential and normal skin deformation in a coupled manner, and is designed so that users can grasp it with a precision grip using multiple fingerpads. By applying skin deformation feedback on multiple fingerpads, the device is able to provide multi-degree-of-freedom interaction force direction and magnitude information to the user. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach for the performance of teleoperated manipulation tasks, we performed a study in which 20 participants used a teleoperation system to perform one of two manipulation tasks (peg transfer and tube connection) using force feedback, skin deformation feedback, and the combination of both feedback. Results showed that participants are able to use all feedback to improve task performance compared to the case without haptic feedback, although the degree of improvement depended on the nature of the task. The feedback also improved situation awareness, felt consistent with prior experience, and did not affect concentration on the task, as reported by participants.