T-wave alternans in a case with systemic lupus erythematosus-related myocarditis.

A 42-year-old woman presented with fever, dyspnea, lower-leg edema, significant pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, and severely reduced left ventricular contractions. She was resistant to treatment for heart failure, including catecholamines, furosemide, phosphodiesterase III inhibitors, and human atrial natriuretic peptide, and antibiotics failed to reduce her inflammation. She had renal dysfunction and hypocomplementemia and was positive for anti-nuclear and anti-ds-DNA antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with myocarditis and pleurisy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Prednisolone administration improved her general condition, reducing inflammation and improving left ventricular function. On day 1, an electrocardiography (ECG) revealed a T-wave inversion similar to a T-U complex configuration in leads II, aVF, and V3-6. By day 8, however, ECG showed prolonged corrected QT (QTc) and T-wave alternans (alternating beat-to-beat T-wave patterns) in lead V3-6. Careful ECG monitoring should be used to identify potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias during the recovery phase of SLE-related myocarditis. <Learning objective: This was a case of significant T-wave alternans (TWA) during recovery from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related myocarditis. Fatal ventricular arrhythmia appears to be a risk during recovery from myocardial damage caused by SLE. Up to now, there have been no published case reports of TWA during this period. Patients with myocarditis should be carefully monitored for arrhythmia, even after ventricular function and inflammation have improved with prednisolone therapy.>.