Maciej M Kmiec1, Huagang Hou1, M Lakshmi Kuppusamy1, Thomas M Drews2, Anjali M Prabhat1, Sergey V Petryakov1, Eugene Demidenko3, Philip E Schaner4, Jay C Buckey4, Aharon Blank5, Periannan Kuppusamy1,2. 1. Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts. 3. Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. 4. Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. 5. Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2 ) provides information about blood perfusion in the tissue immediately below the skin. These data are valuable in assessing wound healing problems, diagnosing peripheral vascular/arterial insufficiency, and predicting disease progression or the response to therapy. Currently, TcpO2 is primarily measured using electrochemical skin sensors, which consume oxygen and are prone to calibration errors. The goal of the present study was to develop a reliable method for TcpO2 measurement in human subjects. METHODS: We have developed a novel TcpO2 oximetry method based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) principles with an oxygen-sensing skin adhesive film, named the superficial perfusion oxygen tension (SPOT) chip. The SPOT chip is a 3-mm diameter, 60-μm thick circular film composed of a stable paramagnetic oxygen sensor. The chip is covered with an oxygen-barrier material on one side and secured on the skin by a medical adhesive transfer tape to ensure that only the oxygen that diffuses through the skin surface is measured. The method quantifies TcpO2 through the linewidth of the EPR spectrum. RESULTS: Repeated measurements using a cohort of 10 healthy human subjects showed that the TcpO2 measurements were robust, reliable, and reproducible. The TcpO2 values ranged from 7.8 ± 0.8 to 22.0 ± 1.0 mmHg in the volar forearm skin (N = 29) and 8.1 ± 0.3 to 23.4 ± 1.3 mmHg in the foot (N = 86). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the SPOT chip can measure TcpO2 reliably and repeatedly under ambient conditions. The SPOT chip method could potentially be used to monitor TcpO2 in the clinic.
PURPOSE: Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2 ) provides information about blood perfusion in the tissue immediately below the skin. These data are valuable in assessing wound healing problems, diagnosing peripheral vascular/arterial insufficiency, and predicting disease progression or the response to therapy. Currently, TcpO2 is primarily measured using electrochemical skin sensors, which consume oxygen and are prone to calibration errors. The goal of the present study was to develop a reliable method for TcpO2 measurement in human subjects. METHODS: We have developed a novel TcpO2 oximetry method based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) principles with an oxygen-sensing skin adhesive film, named the superficial perfusion oxygen tension (SPOT) chip. The SPOT chip is a 3-mm diameter, 60-μm thick circular film composed of a stable paramagnetic oxygen sensor. The chip is covered with an oxygen-barrier material on one side and secured on the skin by a medical adhesive transfer tape to ensure that only the oxygen that diffuses through the skin surface is measured. The method quantifies TcpO2 through the linewidth of the EPR spectrum. RESULTS: Repeated measurements using a cohort of 10 healthy human subjects showed that the TcpO2 measurements were robust, reliable, and reproducible. The TcpO2 values ranged from 7.8 ± 0.8 to 22.0 ± 1.0 mmHg in the volar forearm skin (N = 29) and 8.1 ± 0.3 to 23.4 ± 1.3 mmHg in the foot (N = 86). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the SPOT chip can measure TcpO2 reliably and repeatedly under ambient conditions. The SPOT chip method could potentially be used to monitor TcpO2 in the clinic.
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