Pura Ballester1,2, María José Martínez3,4, Auxiliadora Javaloyes5, María-Del-Mar Inda1, Noemí Fernández6, Pilar Gázquez7, Víctor Aguilar8, Agustín Pérez9, Luís Hernández10, Amanda L Richdale11, Ana M Peiró1,2,12. 1. Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain. 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain. 3. Chronobiology Lab, College of Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. 4. Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain. 5. EDUCATEA, Education Center for Children and Adolescents with Autism, Mental Health Problems and Behavioral Disorders, Alicante, Spain. 6. Angel Rivière Autism Center, Valencia, Spain. 7. Infanta Leonor Autism Center, Alicante, Spain. 8. San Rafael Autism Center, Santa Faz, Spain. 9. Department of Statistics and Financial Resources, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain. 10. Sleep Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain. 11. Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. 12. Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Alicante, Spain.
Abstract
Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep-wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79.
Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep-wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79.
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