Detection of influenza viruses through selective adsorption and detection of the M-protein antigen.

A model system has been developed which permits rapid detection of influenza viruses through targeting of the M (membrane or matrix)-protein; a type-specific antigen, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. This technique exploits the hydrophobic properties of M-protein; the M-protein is selectively and rapidly adsorbed to polystyrene surfaces even in the presence of a 5000-fold excess of bovine serum albumin. Hyperimmune antiserum prepared to purified M-protein is used as the detecting reagent. All type A influenza viruses could be detected by this technique, type B influenza viruses reacted to a slight extent and Sendai virus (parainfluenza virus, type 1) did not react. Virus could be detected to levels as low as 3 ng. Purification of M-protein and preparation of hyperimmune sera from other related virus groups, such as type B influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses should permit detection of these agents by a similar technique.