Co-hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalk and swine manure: Combustion behavior of hydrochar by thermogravimetric analysis.

The combustion behavior of the hydrochar from co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of corn stalk (CS) and swine manure (SM) was thermogravimetrically investigated. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) were used for kinetic analysis, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined. Results showed that HTC decreased the combustion property and stability of SM, while co-HTC with CS significantly improved the combustion performance of the hydrochar including the increased ignition temperature and decreased burnout temperature. HTC of SM decreased the average activation energy (Ea) value from 140.40 and 137.31 KJ/mol to 124.40 and 120.17 KJ/mol by FWO and KAS, respectively, and increasing proportion of CS during co-HTC increased the Ea value of the hydrochar to 141.53-171.23 and 138.35-169.66 KJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters confirmed the enhanced combustion reactivity of the hydrochar from co-HTC of CS and SM. These findings demonstrated that co-HTC with CS benefited the hydrochar production from SM with improved combustion performance.