Richard Ng1, Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad1. 1. From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ng); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Shabani-Rad).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with hip fracture who present anticoagulated with warfarin often require reversal of anticoagulation for safe hip fracture surgery. Vitamin K is typically administered for this, but requires 24-48 hours for maximal effect. These patients have an increased delay to surgery and increased mortality. Octaplex is a prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) that reverses warfarin anticoagulation in less than an hour. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of Octaplex for reversal of warfarin anticoagulation for hip fracture surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with hip fracture in Calgary who received Octaplex between 2009 and 2015. Timing of admission, Octaplex administration and hip fracture surgery were recorded. Mortality and cardiac, thrombotic and orthopedic complications were assessed. RESULTS: Median time from Octaplex administration to an international normalized ratio of 1.4 or lower was 1.1 hours. The median time from admission to surgery was 22 hours. Thirty-day mortality was 15.2%, with 4 cases of cardiac arrest and 1 respiratory arrest. Patients who received both Octaplex and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) had a lower rate of 30-day survival than those who received only Octaplex (95.7% v. 60.0%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: There were significant rates of cardiac events and 30-day mortality among patients who received Octaplex, but this is unsurprising in this population with multiple medical comorbidities. We caution against administrering both FFP and a PCC in patients for warfarin reversal. Octaplex is effective for rapidly reversing warfarin anticoagulation and reducing delays to hip fracture surgery. Further study comparing Octaplex to reversal using only vitamin K is required.
BACKGROUND:Patients with hip fracture who present anticoagulated with warfarin often require reversal of anticoagulation for safe hip fracture surgery. Vitamin K is typically administered for this, but requires 24-48 hours for maximal effect. These patients have an increased delay to surgery and increased mortality. Octaplex is a prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) that reverses warfarin anticoagulation in less than an hour. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of Octaplex for reversal of warfarin anticoagulation for hip fracture surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with hip fracture in Calgary who received Octaplex between 2009 and 2015. Timing of admission, Octaplex administration and hip fracture surgery were recorded. Mortality and cardiac, thrombotic and orthopedic complications were assessed. RESULTS: Median time from Octaplex administration to an international normalized ratio of 1.4 or lower was 1.1 hours. The median time from admission to surgery was 22 hours. Thirty-day mortality was 15.2%, with 4 cases of cardiac arrest and 1 respiratory arrest. Patients who received both Octaplex and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) had a lower rate of 30-day survival than those who received only Octaplex (95.7% v. 60.0%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: There were significant rates of cardiac events and 30-day mortality among patients who received Octaplex, but this is unsurprising in this population with multiple medical comorbidities. We caution against administrering both FFP and a PCC in patients for warfarin reversal. Octaplex is effective for rapidly reversing warfarin anticoagulation and reducing delays to hip fracture surgery. Further study comparing Octaplex to reversal using only vitamin K is required.
Authors: Aaron Lubetsky; Ron Hoffman; Reuven Zimlichman; Amiram Eldor; Joseph Zvi; Viktor Kostenko; Benjamin Brenner Journal: Thromb Res Date: 2004 Impact factor: 3.944
Authors: D Imberti; G Barillari; C Biasioli; M Bianchi; L Contino; R Duce; M D'Incà; L Mameli; L Pinna; W Ageno Journal: Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb Date: 2009-12-09
Authors: Hanno B Riess; Andreas Meier-Hellmann; Johann Motsch; Mazen Elias; Friedrich W Kursten; Carl-Erik Dempfle Journal: Thromb Res Date: 2007-04-03 Impact factor: 3.944
Authors: John E Lawrence; Daniel M Fountain; Duncan J Cundall-Curry; Andrew D Carrothers Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2016-09-01 Impact factor: 4.176