Cheng-Kuan Lin1, Yu-Tien Hsu2, David C Christiani3, Huei-Yang Hung4, Ro-Ting Lin5. 1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1 Room 1401, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: chl309@mail.harvard.edu. 2. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: yuh599@mail.harvard.edu. 3. Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1 Room 1401, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: dchris@hsph.harvard.edu. 4. Department of Clinical Education and Training, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. 5. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. Electronic address: roting@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Higher incidence of lung cancer may be associated with residential proximity to a petrochemical industrial complex (PIC) due to exposure to various carcinogens, although results from previous epidemiologic studies remain inconclusive. Because disease burden due to residential inequality is a public health and societal concern, this study analyzed published data to estimate lung cancer incidence in association with residential proximity to PICs. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis on selected epidemiologic studies that met the following criteria: lung cancer incidence was coded by the International Classification of Diseases; exposure groups were clearly defined as residents living near PICs; and confidence intervals were available or calculable from original articles. We further applied a population attributable factor (PAF) method to estimate disease burden attributable to living near PICs in 22 European Union (EU) countries. RESULTS: Meta-analysis included six studies with a total of 466,066 residents living near PICs in six countries. Residents living near PICs had a 19% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those who lived farther away (95% CI = 1.06-1.32). By sex, risks were higher and more significant for females (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.09-1.54; P = 0.004) than males (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.95-1.33; P = 0.173). By location, only groups in Europe had a significantly greater risk of lung cancer with exposure to PICs (95% CI = 1.03-1.33; P = 0.019), although groups in other locations showed similar trends. By bona fide observation, observation of residents for at least seven years provided sufficient latency to estimate risk (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.17-1.34; P < 0.001). Regarding burden of lung cancer in 22 EU countries, 494 males and 478 females were attributed to living in the vicinity of a PIC annually. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer incidence is significantly higher in individuals living near PICs. This result provides strong epidemiologic evidence for further policy to regulate potential pollutants near PICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Higher incident rates of lung cancer for residents living close to petrochemical industry complex.
BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Higher incidence of lung cancer may be associated with residential proximity to a petrochemical industrial complex (PIC) due to exposure to various carcinogens, although results from previous epidemiologic studies remain inconclusive. Because disease burden due to residential inequality is a public health and societal concern, this study analyzed published data to estimate lung cancer incidence in association with residential proximity to PICs. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis on selected epidemiologic studies that met the following criteria: lung cancer incidence was coded by the International Classification of Diseases; exposure groups were clearly defined as residents living near PICs; and confidence intervals were available or calculable from original articles. We further applied a population attributable factor (PAF) method to estimate disease burden attributable to living near PICs in 22 European Union (EU) countries. RESULTS: Meta-analysis included six studies with a total of 466,066 residents living near PICs in six countries. Residents living near PICs had a 19% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those who lived farther away (95% CI = 1.06-1.32). By sex, risks were higher and more significant for females (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.09-1.54; P = 0.004) than males (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.95-1.33; P = 0.173). By location, only groups in Europe had a significantly greater risk of lung cancer with exposure to PICs (95% CI = 1.03-1.33; P = 0.019), although groups in other locations showed similar trends. By bona fide observation, observation of residents for at least seven years provided sufficient latency to estimate risk (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.17-1.34; P < 0.001). Regarding burden of lung cancer in 22 EU countries, 494 males and 478 females were attributed to living in the vicinity of a PIC annually. CONCLUSIONS:Lung cancer incidence is significantly higher in individuals living near PICs. This result provides strong epidemiologic evidence for further policy to regulate potential pollutants near PICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Higher incident rates of lung cancer for residents living close to petrochemical industry complex.
Authors: Amir H Pakpour; Cheng-Kuan Lin; Mahdi Safdari; Chung-Ying Lin; Shun-Hua Chen; Kyra Hamilton Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Stephen B Williams; Yong Shan; Usama Jazzar; Preston S Kerr; Ikenna Okereke; V Suzanne Klimberg; Douglas S Tyler; Nagireddy Putluri; David S Lopez; John D Prochaska; Cornelis Elferink; Jacques G Baillargeon; Yong-Fang Kuo; Hemalkumar B Mehta Journal: JNCI Cancer Spectr Date: 2020-10-07