Kim V Annink1, Linda S de Vries1, Floris Groenendaal1, Martijn P van den Heuvel2,3, Neeltje E M van Haren4, Hanna Swaab5, Mariëlle van Handel4, Marian J Jongmans1,6, Manon J Benders1, Niek E van der Aa7. 1. Department of Neonatology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2. Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Traits Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent studies, University Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Education & Pedagogy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Neonatology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.vanderaa@umcutrecht.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term-born infants can lead to memory problems. The hippocampus is important for long-term episodic memory. The primary aim was to investigate the effect of HIE on hippocampal volumes in 9- to 10-year-old children. The secondary aim was to investigate the association between hippocampal volumes and previously found impaired memory and cognitive functions in the current cohort. METHODS: In total 26 children with mild HIE, 26 with moderate HIE, and 37 controls were included. The intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory were tested. A 3D-volumetric MRI was obtained. Brain segmentation was performed for hippocampal volumes and intracranial volume. The differences in hippocampal volumes, memory, and IQ between the groups were determined. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed, including hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume as a dependent variable. RESULTS: Smaller hippocampal volumes were found in moderate HIE (p < 0.001), with a trend toward smaller volumes in mild HIE, compared to controls. In multivariable linear regression analysis, hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume was significantly associated with long-term visuospatial memory. CONCLUSION: Children with moderate HIE had smaller hippocampal volumes than controls, with a trend toward smaller volumes following mild HIE. Reduced hippocampal volumes were associated with poorer long-term visuospatial memory.
BACKGROUND:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term-born infants can lead to memory problems. The hippocampus is important for long-term episodic memory. The primary aim was to investigate the effect of HIE on hippocampal volumes in 9- to 10-year-old children. The secondary aim was to investigate the association between hippocampal volumes and previously found impaired memory and cognitive functions in the current cohort. METHODS: In total 26 children with mild HIE, 26 with moderate HIE, and 37 controls were included. The intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory were tested. A 3D-volumetric MRI was obtained. Brain segmentation was performed for hippocampal volumes and intracranial volume. The differences in hippocampal volumes, memory, and IQ between the groups were determined. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed, including hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume as a dependent variable. RESULTS: Smaller hippocampal volumes were found in moderate HIE (p < 0.001), with a trend toward smaller volumes in mild HIE, compared to controls. In multivariable linear regression analysis, hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume was significantly associated with long-term visuospatial memory. CONCLUSION:Children with moderate HIE had smaller hippocampal volumes than controls, with a trend toward smaller volumes following mild HIE. Reduced hippocampal volumes were associated with poorer long-term visuospatial memory.
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