Zhijie Wang1, Gang Yu1, Yinan Liu2, Shiyong Liu3, Meir Aridor4, Yuan Huang5, Yushuang Hu2, Longfei Wang2, Sisi Li2, Hongbo Xiong2, Bo Tang2, Xia Li2, Chen Cheng2, Susmita Chakrabarti6, Fan Wang6, Qingyu Wu6, Sadashiva S Karnik6, Chengqi Xu2, Qiuyun Chen7, Qing K Wang8. 1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. 2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China. 3. College of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China. 4. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. 5. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China. 6. Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. 7. Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. Electronic address: chenq3@ccf.org. 8. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. Electronic address: qkwang@hust.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is essential for the physiological function of the heart and causes cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death when mutated. Many disease-causing mutations in Nav1.5 cause defects in protein trafficking, a cellular process critical to the targeting of Nav1.5 to cell surface. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking of Nav1.5, in particular, the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for cell surface trafficking, remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we investigated the role of the SAR1 GTPases in trafficking of Nav1.5. Overexpression of dominant-negative mutant SAR1A (T39N or H79G) or SAR1B (T39N or H79G) significantly reduces the expression level of Nav1.5 on cell surface, and decreases the peak sodium current density (INa) in HEK/Nav1.5 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Simultaneous knockdown of SAR1A and SAR1B expression by siRNAs significantly reduces the INa density, whereas single knockdown of either SAR1A or SAR1B has minimal effect. Computer modeling showed that the three-dimensional structure of SAR1 is similar to RAN. RAN was reported to interact with MOG1, a small protein involved in regulation of the ER exit of Nav1.5. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that SAR1A or SAR1B interacted with MOG1. Interestingly, knockdown of SAR1A and SAR1B expression abolished the MOG1-mediated increases in both cell surface trafficking of Nav1.5 and the density of INa. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that SAR1A and SAR1B are the critical regulators of trafficking of Nav1.5. Moreover, SAR1A and SAR1B interact with MOG1, and are required for MOG1-mediated cell surface expression and function of Nav1.5.
BACKGROUND: The cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is essential for the physiological function of the heart and causes cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death when mutated. Many disease-causing mutations in Nav1.5 cause defects in protein trafficking, a cellular process critical to the targeting of Nav1.5 to cell surface. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking of Nav1.5, in particular, the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for cell surface trafficking, remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we investigated the role of the SAR1 GTPases in trafficking of Nav1.5. Overexpression of dominant-negative mutant SAR1A (T39N or H79G) or SAR1B (T39N or H79G) significantly reduces the expression level of Nav1.5 on cell surface, and decreases the peak sodium current density (INa) in HEK/Nav1.5 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Simultaneous knockdown of SAR1A and SAR1B expression by siRNAs significantly reduces the INa density, whereas single knockdown of either SAR1A or SAR1B has minimal effect. Computer modeling showed that the three-dimensional structure of SAR1 is similar to RAN. RAN was reported to interact with MOG1, a small protein involved in regulation of the ER exit of Nav1.5. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that SAR1A or SAR1B interacted with MOG1. Interestingly, knockdown of SAR1A and SAR1B expression abolished the MOG1-mediated increases in both cell surface trafficking of Nav1.5 and the density of INa. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that SAR1A and SAR1B are the critical regulators of trafficking of Nav1.5. Moreover, SAR1A and SAR1B interact with MOG1, and are required for MOG1-mediated cell surface expression and function of Nav1.5.
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