Timothy R Deer1, Jason E Pope2, Tim J Lamer3, Jay S Grider4, David Provenzano5, Timothy R Lubenow6, James J FitzGerald7,8, Corey Hunter9, Steven Falowski10, Dawood Sayed11, Ganesan Baranidharan12, Nikunj K Patel13, Timothy Davis14, Alex Green15, Antonio Pajuelo16, Lawrence J Epstein17, Michael Harned18, Liong Liem19, Paul J Christo20, Krishnan Chakravarthy21, Christopher Gilmore22, Frank Huygen23, Eric Lee24, Pankaj Metha25, Harold Nijhuis19, Denis G Patterson26, Erika Petersen27, Julie G Pilitsis28, Jeffery J Rowe29, Matthew P Rupert30, Ioannis Skaribas31, Jennifer Sweet32, Paul Verrills33, Derron Wilson34, Robert M Levy35, Nagy Mekhail36. 1. Center for Pain Relief, Charleston, WV, USA. 2. Evolve Restorative Center, Santa Rosa, CA, USA. 3. Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. 4. UKHealthCare Pain Services, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. 5. Pain Diagnostics and Interventional Care, Sewickley, PA, USA. 6. Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 7. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. 8. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. 9. Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management, New York, NY, USA. 10. Functional Neurosurgery, St. Lukes University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA. 11. University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. 12. St. James Hospital, Leeds, UK. 13. Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 14. Orthopedic Pain Specialists, Santa Monica, CA, USA. 15. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 16. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain. 17. The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA. 18. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 19. St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. 20. Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 21. University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. 22. Center for Clinical Research, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 23. Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 24. Summit Pain Alliance, Santa Rosa, CA, USA. 25. Pain Specialists of America, Austin, TX, USA. 26. Nevada Advanced Pain Specialists, Reno, NV, USA. 27. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. 28. Neurosurgery and Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. 29. Main Line Spine, King of Prussia, PA, USA. 30. Vertex Spine, Franklin, TN, USA. 31. US Anesthesia Partners, Houston, TX, USA. 32. Case Western Reserve University, Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. 33. Metro Spinal Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 34. Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 35. Institute for Neuromodulation, Boca Raton, FL, USA. 36. Evidence-Based Pain Management Research and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) is dedicated to improving the safety and efficacy of neuromodulation and thus improving the lives of patients undergoing neuromodulation therapies. With continued innovations in neuromodulation comes the need for evolving reviews of best practices. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation has significantly improved the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), among other conditions. Through funding and organizational leadership by the International Neuromodulation Society (INS), the NACC reconvened to develop the best practices consensus document for the selection, implantation and use of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. METHODS: The NACC performed a comprehensive literature search of articles about DRG published from 1995 through June, 2017. A total of 2538 article abstracts were then reviewed, and selected articles graded for strength of evidence based on scoring criteria established by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Graded evidence was considered along with clinical experience to create the best practices consensus and recommendations. RESULTS: The NACC achieved consensus based on peer-reviewed literature and experience to create consensus points to improve patient selection, guide surgical methods, improve post-operative care, and make recommendations for management of patients treated with DRG stimulation. CONCLUSION: The NACC recommendations are intended to improve patient care in the use of this evolving therapy for chronic pain. Clinicians who choose to follow these recommendations may improve outcomes.
INTRODUCTION: The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) is dedicated to improving the safety and efficacy of neuromodulation and thus improving the lives of patients undergoing neuromodulation therapies. With continued innovations in neuromodulation comes the need for evolving reviews of best practices. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation has significantly improved the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), among other conditions. Through funding and organizational leadership by the International Neuromodulation Society (INS), the NACC reconvened to develop the best practices consensus document for the selection, implantation and use of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. METHODS: The NACC performed a comprehensive literature search of articles about DRG published from 1995 through June, 2017. A total of 2538 article abstracts were then reviewed, and selected articles graded for strength of evidence based on scoring criteria established by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Graded evidence was considered along with clinical experience to create the best practices consensus and recommendations. RESULTS: The NACC achieved consensus based on peer-reviewed literature and experience to create consensus points to improve patient selection, guide surgical methods, improve post-operative care, and make recommendations for management of patients treated with DRG stimulation. CONCLUSION: The NACC recommendations are intended to improve patient care in the use of this evolving therapy for chronic pain. Clinicians who choose to follow these recommendations may improve outcomes.
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