BACKGROUND: The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has immune-modulatory effects similar to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of rituximab in autoimmune diseases that are also treated with IVIG. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The most common indications for immune modulation with IVIG, as identified from a 2012 regional audit in Canada, were chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), myasthenia gravis, multifocal motor neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome, and pemphigus vulgaris. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library until July 2016 for studies evaluating rituximab in each of these conditions. The primary outcome in our meta-analysis was clinical response at 6 months as defined by disease-specific criteria in randomized trials. We also calculated pooled proportions of responders within disease types from observational studies. RESULTS: Ninety-five rituximab studies were identified: 86 were observational studies in patients with ITP (n = 1746), SLE (n = 1047), pemphigus vulgaris (n = 564), Sjogren's syndrome (n = 138), myasthenia gravis (n = 66), and CIDP (n = 31) and nine were randomized controlled trials (n = 992) in patients with ITP, SLE, and Sjogren's syndrome that compared rituximab with placebo plus standard of care. Among randomized trials, response rates were higher with rituximab (relative risk, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.83). The pooled proportion of rituximab responses ranged from 94% (95% CI, 88%-98%) for pemphigus vulgaris to 48% (95% CI, 30%-66%) for CIDP. Rituximab was generally well tolerated in observational studies although in the randomized trials, adverse events were more common in the rituximab group. CONCLUSION: Rituximab is an immune-modulating agent with biologic activity across many autoimmune conditions. Our data support the use of comparative trials with broad eligibility criteria to evaluate rituximab as an alternative to IVIG in autoimmune diseases.
BACKGROUND: The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has immune-modulatory effects similar to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of rituximab in autoimmune diseases that are also treated with IVIG. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The most common indications for immune modulation with IVIG, as identified from a 2012 regional audit in Canada, were chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), myasthenia gravis, multifocal motor neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome, and pemphigus vulgaris. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library until July 2016 for studies evaluating rituximab in each of these conditions. The primary outcome in our meta-analysis was clinical response at 6 months as defined by disease-specific criteria in randomized trials. We also calculated pooled proportions of responders within disease types from observational studies. RESULTS: Ninety-five rituximab studies were identified: 86 were observational studies in patients with ITP (n = 1746), SLE (n = 1047), pemphigus vulgaris (n = 564), Sjogren's syndrome (n = 138), myasthenia gravis (n = 66), and CIDP (n = 31) and nine were randomized controlled trials (n = 992) in patients with ITP, SLE, and Sjogren's syndrome that compared rituximab with placebo plus standard of care. Among randomized trials, response rates were higher with rituximab (relative risk, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.83). The pooled proportion of rituximab responses ranged from 94% (95% CI, 88%-98%) for pemphigus vulgaris to 48% (95% CI, 30%-66%) for CIDP. Rituximab was generally well tolerated in observational studies although in the randomized trials, adverse events were more common in the rituximab group. CONCLUSION:Rituximab is an immune-modulating agent with biologic activity across many autoimmune conditions. Our data support the use of comparative trials with broad eligibility criteria to evaluate rituximab as an alternative to IVIG in autoimmune diseases.
Authors: Kazuya Miyashita; Jens Lutz; Lisa C Hudgins; Dana Toib; Ambika P Ashraf; Wenxin Song; Masami Murakami; Katsuyuki Nakajima; Michael Ploug; Loren G Fong; Stephen G Young; Anne P Beigneux Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2020-09-18 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Ambika P Ashraf; Kazuya Miyashita; Katsuyuki Nakajima; Masami Murakami; Robert A Hegele; Michael Ploug; Loren G Fong; Stephen G Young; Anne P Beigneux Journal: J Clin Lipidol Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 4.766
Authors: Zhenkun Wang; Xiaolong Liu; Fenglin Cao; Joseph A Bellanti; Jin Zhou; Song Guo Zheng Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2020-05-12 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Philipp Gauckler; Jae Il Shin; Federico Alberici; Vincent Audard; Annette Bruchfeld; Martin Busch; Chee Kay Cheung; Matija Crnogorac; Elisa Delbarba; Kathrin Eller; Stanislas Faguer; Kresimir Galesic; Siân Griffin; Martijn W F van den Hoogen; Zdenka Hrušková; Anushya Jeyabalan; Alexandre Karras; Catherine King; Harbir Singh Kohli; Gert Mayer; Rutger Maas; Masahiro Muto; Sergey Moiseev; Balazs Odler; Ruth J Pepper; Luis F Quintana; Jai Radhakrishnan; Raja Ramachandran; Alan D Salama; Ulf Schönermarck; Mårten Segelmark; Lee Smith; Vladimír Tesař; Jack Wetzels; Lisa Willcocks; Martin Windpessl; Ladan Zand; Reza Zonozi; Andreas Kronbichler Journal: Kidney Int Rep Date: 2021-01-13