Patricia R Freeman1, Geoffrey M Curran2, Karen L Drummond2, Bradley C Martin2, Benjamin S Teeter3, Katharine Bradley4, Nancy Schoenberg5, Mark J Edlund6. 1. University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. Electronic address: trfree1@uky.edu. 2. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., #522-4, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 2200 Fort Roots Drive, North Little Rock, AR, 72114, USA. 3. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., #522-4, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA. 4. Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. 5. University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 125 Medical Behavioral Science Office Building, Lexington, KY, 40536-0086, USA. 6. RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) track the dispensing of prescription-controlled substances with the goal of mitigating misuse and diversion. Authorized users query the PDMP for controlled substance prescription histories at the point of care. Despite widespread implementation of PDMPs, there is much not known about how PDMPs influence prescribing and dispensing decisions. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate how primary care providers (PCPs) and pharmacists utilize PDMPs when making prescribing and dispensing decisions. METHODS: Data from in-depth, qualitative interviews with PCPs (n = 48) and community pharmacists (n = 60) across four states- Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, and Washington were analyzed for themes around PDMP use. RESULTS: Both PCPs and pharmacists reported that PDMPs are key tools for aiding prescribing and dispensing decisions. PCPs reported variable use of PDMPs with most querying the PDMP when there are "red flags" and fewer reporting having clinic policies that direct PDMP use. Primary care providers in Kentucky reported more consistent and routine use of the PDMP as a result of a state law that mandates query prior to the initial prescribing of Schedule II controlled substances. Community pharmacists practicing in chain pharmacies reported formal policies requiring PDMP query prior to dispensing opioids, while utilization of PDMPs by pharmacists practicing in independently-owned pharmacies was more variable. Pharmacists and PCPs reported barriers to PDMP use, such as having to "log in on a separate machine" and perceived that PDMP utility could be improved by integrating it within pharmacy dispensing systems and electronic health records. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists and PCPs reported the importance of PDMP information to aid their prescribing and dispensing decisions. Efforts to enhance state PDMP programs should consider processes that seamlessly integrate all available controlled substance prescription history for a given patient at the point of care so that PDMP utility for prescribing and dispensing decisions is maximized.
BACKGROUND: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) track the dispensing of prescription-controlled substances with the goal of mitigating misuse and diversion. Authorized users query the PDMP for controlled substance prescription histories at the point of care. Despite widespread implementation of PDMPs, there is much not known about how PDMPs influence prescribing and dispensing decisions. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate how primary care providers (PCPs) and pharmacists utilize PDMPs when making prescribing and dispensing decisions. METHODS: Data from in-depth, qualitative interviews with PCPs (n = 48) and community pharmacists (n = 60) across four states- Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, and Washington were analyzed for themes around PDMP use. RESULTS: Both PCPs and pharmacists reported that PDMPs are key tools for aiding prescribing and dispensing decisions. PCPs reported variable use of PDMPs with most querying the PDMP when there are "red flags" and fewer reporting having clinic policies that direct PDMP use. Primary care providers in Kentucky reported more consistent and routine use of the PDMP as a result of a state law that mandates query prior to the initial prescribing of Schedule II controlled substances. Community pharmacists practicing in chain pharmacies reported formal policies requiring PDMP query prior to dispensing opioids, while utilization of PDMPs by pharmacists practicing in independently-owned pharmacies was more variable. Pharmacists and PCPs reported barriers to PDMP use, such as having to "log in on a separate machine" and perceived that PDMP utility could be improved by integrating it within pharmacy dispensing systems and electronic health records. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists and PCPs reported the importance of PDMP information to aid their prescribing and dispensing decisions. Efforts to enhance state PDMP programs should consider processes that seamlessly integrate all available controlled substance prescription history for a given patient at the point of care so that PDMP utility for prescribing and dispensing decisions is maximized.
Authors: Chris Delcher; Yanning Wang; Henry W Young; Bruce A Goldberger; Siegfried Schmidt; Gary M Reisfield Journal: J Opioid Manag Date: 2017 Sep/Oct
Authors: Richard A Deyo; Jessica M Irvine; Sara E Hallvik; Christi Hildebran; Todd Beran; Lisa M Millet; Miguel Marino Journal: Clin J Pain Date: 2015-09 Impact factor: 3.442
Authors: Marc L Fleming; Jamie C Barner; Carolyn M Brown; Marv D Shepherd; Scott A Strassels; Suzanne Novak Journal: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) Date: 2014 May-Jun
Authors: Traci C Green; Marita R Mann; Sarah E Bowman; Nickolas Zaller; Xaviel Soto; John Gadea; Catherine Cordy; Patrick Kelly; Peter D Friedmann Journal: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) Date: 2013 May-Jun
Authors: Mina Hong; Sarah Seymour; Thomas J Stopka; Lane Bandanza; Erin Crocker; Allison Morgan; Leo Beletsky Journal: J Addict Med Date: 2022 May-Jun 01 Impact factor: 4.647
Authors: Ziyue Zhang; Lin Guo; Ran Si; Leanne Chalmers; Patricia Filippin; Jane Carpenter; Petra Czarniak Journal: Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm Date: 2022-03-02