Hui Wang1, Jing Zhang1, Shao Hua Hu2, Sheng Zhi Tan1, Bo Zhang1, Hong Mei Zhou1, Rui Yun Peng1. 1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China. 2. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To detect the effects of microwave on calcium levels in primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes by the real-time microwave exposure combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy. METHODS: The primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes were cultured and labeled with probes, including Fluo-4 AM, Mag-Fluo-AM, and Rhod-2, to reflect the levels of whole calcium [Ca2+], endoplasmic reticulum calcium [Ca2+]ER, and mitochondrial calcium [Ca2+]MIT, respectively. Then, the cells were exposed to a pulsed microwave of 2.856 GHz with specific absorption rate (SAR) values of 0, 4, and 40 W/kg for 6 min to observe the changes in calcium levels. RESULTS: The results showed that the 4 and 40 W/kg microwave radiation caused a significant decrease in the levels of [Ca2+], [Ca2+]ER, and [Ca2+]MIT in primary hippocampal neurons. In the primary cardiomyocytes, only the 40 W/kg microwave radiation caused the decrease in the levels of [Ca2+], [Ca2+]ER, and [Ca2+]MIT. Primary hippocampal neurons were more sensitive to microwave exposure than primary cardiomyocytes. The mitochondria were more sensitive to microwave exposure than the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: The calcium efflux was occurred during microwave exposure in primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes. Additionally, neurons and mitochondria were sensitive cells and organelle respectively.
OBJECTIVE: To detect the effects of microwave on calcium levels in primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes by the real-time microwave exposure combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy. METHODS: The primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes were cultured and labeled with probes, including Fluo-4 AM, Mag-Fluo-AM, and Rhod-2, to reflect the levels of whole calcium [Ca2+], endoplasmic reticulum calcium [Ca2+]ER, and mitochondrial calcium [Ca2+]MIT, respectively. Then, the cells were exposed to a pulsed microwave of 2.856 GHz with specific absorption rate (SAR) values of 0, 4, and 40 W/kg for 6 min to observe the changes in calcium levels. RESULTS: The results showed that the 4 and 40 W/kg microwave radiation caused a significant decrease in the levels of [Ca2+], [Ca2+]ER, and [Ca2+]MIT in primary hippocampal neurons. In the primary cardiomyocytes, only the 40 W/kg microwave radiation caused the decrease in the levels of [Ca2+], [Ca2+]ER, and [Ca2+]MIT. Primary hippocampal neurons were more sensitive to microwave exposure than primary cardiomyocytes. The mitochondria were more sensitive to microwave exposure than the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: The calcium efflux was occurred during microwave exposure in primary hippocampal neurons and primary cardiomyocytes. Additionally, neurons and mitochondria were sensitive cells and organelle respectively.