Saijun Zhou1, Weiqian Zhu1, Yang Zhang1, Sipei Pan1, Jianhong Bao2. 1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. 2. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. aihuaguo@126.com.
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: S100B has been found abundantly expressed in microglia during cerebral ischemia. However, S100B effects on phenotype changes and migration of microglia are unclear. METHODS: Real-time PCR of S100B, M1 and M2 markers were tested to characterize phenotypic changes in microglia in mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Migration assay and additional mechanism studies were performed to elucidate the role of NF-κB in S100B-mediated microglia M1/M2 phenotype change and migration. Finally, S100B treatment on MCAO models was performed to show the in vivo evidence. RESULTS: S100B was identified as an induced gene with its pattern in accordance with M1 markers in mice MCAO model. That S100B was promoted by M1 stimuli whereas inhibited by M2 stimuli further confirmed S100B a M1 marker. Moreover, S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization with enhanced migration ability and inhibits M2 polarization. Additionally, NF-κB is essential in S100B control in microglia M1/M2 polarization and migration. Furthermore, S100B aggravated cerebral ischemia in murine MCAO model and exacerbated the microglia M1 polarization and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization to aggravate cerebral ischemia, and provide a better understanding on the therapeutic effects of S100B and/or its antagonist/neutralization antibody in stroke.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE:S100B has been found abundantly expressed in microglia during cerebral ischemia. However, S100B effects on phenotype changes and migration of microglia are unclear. METHODS: Real-time PCR of S100B, M1 and M2 markers were tested to characterize phenotypic changes in microglia in micemiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Migration assay and additional mechanism studies were performed to elucidate the role of NF-κB in S100B-mediated microglia M1/M2 phenotype change and migration. Finally, S100B treatment on MCAO models was performed to show the in vivo evidence. RESULTS:S100B was identified as an induced gene with its pattern in accordance with M1 markers in miceMCAO model. That S100B was promoted by M1 stimuli whereas inhibited by M2 stimuli further confirmed S100B a M1 marker. Moreover, S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization with enhanced migration ability and inhibits M2 polarization. Additionally, NF-κB is essential in S100B control in microglia M1/M2 polarization and migration. Furthermore, S100B aggravated cerebral ischemia in murineMCAO model and exacerbated the microglia M1 polarization and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization to aggravate cerebral ischemia, and provide a better understanding on the therapeutic effects of S100B and/or its antagonist/neutralization antibody in stroke.
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