Michael Blumer1, Tobias Guggenbühl2, Maximilian E H Wagner3, Claudio Rostetter4, Martin Rücker5, Thomas Gander3. 1. Resident, Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: michael.blumer@usz.ch. 2. Postgraduate, Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Fellow, Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. 4. Resident, Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. 5. Professor and Medical Director, Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Fractures of the condylar process are frequent. Ideal management of these fractures, as discussed in the literature, is controversial. Some recent meta-analyses have favored open reduction and internal fixation using various approaches. A strictly transoral approach has been described to minimize scarring and risk of facial nerve injury but has restricted visibility. This retrospective study analyzed outcomes of patients with unilateral mandibular condyle fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 40 patients who were operated on from January 2015 through December 2016. All patients underwent surgery for a condylar process fracture using an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach. Fracture classification, demographic, and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: Most condylar process fractures were caused by falls from a height less than 3 m. Most were condylar base fractures and classified according to Spiessl and Schroll as Classes I and II. Sixteen patients showed a preoperative malocclusion, whereas 2 patients showed a slight postoperative malocclusion. In cases in which only 1 plate could be placed, the proximal fragment was shorter. A higher Spiessl and Schroll class showed a tendency toward longer operation times. For postoperative outcomes, 1 case of temporary facial palsy was the worst complication (2.5%), 2 cases exhibited minimal occlusal interference (5%), and 1 case exhibited a deviated mouth opening (2.5%). Ramus height was restored in all cases. No chronic pain was found in any cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to treat condylar process fractures in a safe manner using a transoral approach with endoscopic assistance and angled instruments without facial scarring and at a low complication rate. The endoscope improves the restricted visibility of the transoral approach, although a learning curve is necessary. This applies especially to dislocated fractures or to fractures with a short proximal fragment.
PURPOSE:Fractures of the condylar process are frequent. Ideal management of these fractures, as discussed in the literature, is controversial. Some recent meta-analyses have favored open reduction and internal fixation using various approaches. A strictly transoral approach has been described to minimize scarring and risk of facial nerve injury but has restricted visibility. This retrospective study analyzed outcomes of patients with unilateral mandibular condyle fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 40 patients who were operated on from January 2015 through December 2016. All patients underwent surgery for a condylar process fracture using an endoscopic-assisted transoral approach. Fracture classification, demographic, and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: Most condylar process fractures were caused by falls from a height less than 3 m. Most were condylar base fractures and classified according to Spiessl and Schroll as Classes I and II. Sixteen patients showed a preoperative malocclusion, whereas 2 patients showed a slight postoperative malocclusion. In cases in which only 1 plate could be placed, the proximal fragment was shorter. A higher Spiessl and Schroll class showed a tendency toward longer operation times. For postoperative outcomes, 1 case of temporary facial palsy was the worst complication (2.5%), 2 cases exhibited minimal occlusal interference (5%), and 1 case exhibited a deviated mouth opening (2.5%). Ramus height was restored in all cases. No chronic pain was found in any cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to treat condylar process fractures in a safe manner using a transoral approach with endoscopic assistance and angled instruments without facial scarring and at a low complication rate. The endoscope improves the restricted visibility of the transoral approach, although a learning curve is necessary. This applies especially to dislocated fractures or to fractures with a short proximal fragment.