Zoning of air quality index (PM10 and PM2.5) by Arc-GIS for Khorramabad city, Iran.

Nowadays in many countries, air pollution is one of the major issues affecting human health. Among the various air pollutants particulate matters are mainly present in ambient air pollution. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of particulate matter (PM) (namely PM2.5 and PM10) and to conduct zoning via GIS software in Khorramabad city (Summer - 2017). According to the findings, the average concentrations of PM2.5 in July, August and September were 100.1, 116.3, and 199.8 μg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the average concentrations of PM10 in July, August and September were 199.8, 215.7, and 190.8 μg/m3, respectively. The findings of this study also indicated that due to continuous dust storms,particularly in recent years, the air pollution status in Khorramabad was not suitable that can adversely affect public health.

Specifications Table

Value of the data

In recent years, dust storms, in Iran and especially in west of the country, have increased significantly. As a result, the continuous monitoring and presenting the major pollutants is important.

According to previous studies, particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) are the main sources of airborne diseases for public health.

Particulate mattes can carry toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds. Therefore, their continuous monitoring is very necessary.

AQI shows the impact of air pollution on health. This index is provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency 2003.

Data

This study measured the concentration of particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) in Khorramabad city and conducted its zoning via GIS software and IDW method.

Experimental design, materials, and methods

In order to determine the number of measurement stations in the study area, we used the equation of n = (var2 * z2)/d2. According to this equation, the number of sampling stations was 30. In addition to the 30 stations mentioned above, 8 stations in traffic and crowded areas of the city were also selected for air pollutants measurement. The location of the stations are shown in Fig. 1. Also, due to the fact that IDW method was used to prepare zoning maps of air pollution in GIS, so to increase the accuracy of calculations, 7 stations were added to study stations. As a result, a total of 45 stations were selected. The whole sample was taken in summer season. In this study, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured by Environmental Dust Monitor. After the measurement, the AQI index was calculated according to Eq. (1):

Fig. 1

The location of the air pollutant measurement stations in Khorramabad city, Iran.

The measured concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are shown in Table 1. Also, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 show the results of the zoning of PMs data using the GIS. The average concentrations of PM2.5 in July, August, and September were 100.1, 116.3, and 199.8 μg/m3, respectively. The minimum and maximum concentrations of PM2.5 in this period were 9.7 and 273.3 μg/m3, respectively. The average concentrations of PM10 in July, August and September were 199.8, 215.7, and 190.8 μg/m3, respectively. The minimum and maximum concentrations of PM10 in this period were 83.2 and 526.8 μg/m3, respectively. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the standard concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are 150 and 65 μg/m3, respectively. Unfortunately, the study results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in the city is worrying [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].

Table 1

The measured concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Khorramabad in summer 2016.

station		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
	July	9.7	45.1	48.8	50.0	51.1	51.7	52.9	53.2	55.1	56.2	56.6	56.8	57.8	64.0	64.8	69.1	72.1	72.9	74.2
PM2.5	August	25.9	61.4	65.0	66.3	67.3	67.9	69.1	69.4	71.3	72.4	72.8	73.0	74.1	80.2	81.0	85.3	88.3	89.2	90.4
	September	2.1	37.5	41.2	42.4	43.5	44.1	45.3	45.6	47.5	48.6	49.0	49.2	50.2	56.4	57.2	61.5	64.5	65.3	66.6
	July	92.2	94.3	98.9	99.2	101.2	107.1	107.4	108.2	109.2	109.8	110.9	111.8	112.1	112.7	141.1	143.2	146.2	148.1	154.2
PM10	August	108.1	110.2	114.8	115.1	117.1	123.0	123.3	124.1	125.1	125.7	126.8	127.7	128.0	128.6	157.0	159.1	162.1	164.0	170.1
	September	83.2	85.3	89.9	90.3	92.2	98.1	98.5	99.2	100.3	100.8	101.9	102.9	103.1	103.7	132.1	134.2	137.3	139.1	145.3
Sation		20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38
	July	76.2	88.0	89.2	100.1	103.1	103.9	105.6	107.3	108.2	109.9	111.2	156.9	159.8	187.2	200.1	204.8	223.0	250.1	257.1
PM2.5	August	92.5	104.2	105.5	116.4	119.4	120.1	121.8	123.6	124.4	126.1	127.5	173.1	176.0	203.4	216.3	221.0	239.2	266.4	273.3
	September	68.6	80.4	81.6	92.5	95.5	96.3	98.0	99.7	100.6	102.3	103.6	149.3	152.2	179.6	192.5	197.2	215.4	242.5	249.5
	July	159.1	168.1	178.2	191.2	201.1	201.1	207.2	208.1	209.0	210.2	214.9	301.2	308.2	370.1	400.1	410.0	456.1	480.3	511.0
PM10	August	175.0	184.0	194.1	207.1	217.0	217.0	223.1	224.0	224.8	226.1	230.8	317.1	324.1	386.0	416.0	425.9	472.0	496.2	526.9
	September	150.1	159.1	169.2	182.3	192.1	192.1	198.2	199.1	200.0	201.3	205.9	292.2	299.2	361.2	391.1	401.0	447.1	471.3	502.0

Fig. 2

Zoning the distribution of the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in July using GIS.

Fig. 3

Zoning the AQI distribution for PM2.5 and PM10 in July using GIS.

Fig. 4

Zoning the distribution of the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in August using GIS.

Fig. 5

Zoning the AQI distribution for PM2.5 and PM10 in August using GIS.

Fig. 6

Zoning the distribution of the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in September using GIS.

Fig. 7

Zoning the AQI distribution for PM2.5 and PM10 in September using GIS.

Subject area	Chemistry, biology
More specific subject area	Air pollution monitoring and quality
Type of data	Table, figure
How data was acquired	Sampling (by Environmental Dust Monitor, model: Envirocheck 107) and measuring the concentration of PM10and PM2.5in of Khorramabad city. After determining the concentration, AQI were calculated. Finally, the collected and analyzed data entered the GIS software
Data format	Raw, analyzed,
Experimental features	According to the city map, 45 stations of air pollution were selected as sampling stations. Until concentration measurement, all samples were stored in standard conditions and were analyzed for thePM10and PM2.5
Data source location	Khorramabad city Iran (33° 48׳ N, 48° 35׳ E), Lorestan province, west of Iran
Data accessibility	Data are included in this research and supplemented excel file