Abdul Qayyum Rana1, Abdul Rehman M Qureshi1,2, Asna Haris1,3, Muhammad Affan Danish1,2, Muhammad Saad Furqan1,2, Omar Shaikh1,2, Zainab Sarfraz1,4, Ruqqiyah Rana5. 1. a Department of Clinical Research , Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto & Movement Disorders Centre , Toronto , Canada. 2. b Department of Neuroscience and Psychology , University of Toronto at Scarborough , Toronto , Canada. 3. c Department of Medicine (MBBS) , Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan. 4. d Department of Life Sciences , University of Health Sciences Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan. 5. e Department of Kinesiology , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Ottawa , Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pain is an important non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it remains understudied. The purpose of previous studies on the relationship between PD and pain, has been to explore the cause, origin and types of pain. This case control study is designed for clinicians and rehabilitation specialists to effectively identify pain from the patient's point of view. Pain present in PD patients correlates with significant disruption to their daily lives, which was seen by analysing characteristics, frequency, severity and interference of pain. METHOD: A total of 100 PD patients and 100 control healthy individuals, consisting of 66 males and 34 females were evaluated during routine clinical assessment followed by a neurological exam. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used to measure chronic pain in terms of pain severity, pain interference and pain frequency between the two groups. RESULTS: It was determined that PD patients had significantly higher pain severity scores compared to controls (p < 0.05). PD patients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher pain severity and pain interference scores than controls without depressive symptoms. PD patients reported greater scores on Global BPI pain interference and all components of the pain interference subscale. DISCUSSION: PD and depression seem to be correlated with higher perceived pain, severity and interference. These findings have not been reported by other case control studies, and warrant further causal research into pain, depression and PD.
OBJECTIVE:Pain is an important non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, it remains understudied. The purpose of previous studies on the relationship between PD and pain, has been to explore the cause, origin and types of pain. This case control study is designed for clinicians and rehabilitation specialists to effectively identify pain from the patient's point of view. Pain present in PDpatients correlates with significant disruption to their daily lives, which was seen by analysing characteristics, frequency, severity and interference of pain. METHOD: A total of 100 PDpatients and 100 control healthy individuals, consisting of 66 males and 34 females were evaluated during routine clinical assessment followed by a neurological exam. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used to measure chronic pain in terms of pain severity, pain interference and pain frequency between the two groups. RESULTS: It was determined that PDpatients had significantly higher pain severity scores compared to controls (p < 0.05). PDpatients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher pain severity and pain interference scores than controls without depressive symptoms. PDpatients reported greater scores on Global BPI pain interference and all components of the pain interference subscale. DISCUSSION: PD and depression seem to be correlated with higher perceived pain, severity and interference. These findings have not been reported by other case control studies, and warrant further causal research into pain, depression and PD.
Entities:
Keywords:
Pain; Parkinson's disease; mood; quality of life; rehabilitation; severity of pain