Stacey A Shaw1, Assel Terlikbayeva2, Leila Famouri3, Tim Hunt1, Louisa Gilbert1, Yelena Rozental2, Shopan Primbetova2, Mingway Chang1, Xin Ma1, Nabila El-Bassel1. 1. Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University, New York City, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027. 2. Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Columbia University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 102 Luganskogo St, ap.1, Medeu district, Almaty, Kazakhstan 050059. 3. School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9100, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Growing rates of HIV and high rates of injection drug use in Kazakhstan call for examining access to testing and treatment among people who inject drugs and their intimate partners. OBJECTIVES: We examine how access to health and drug treatment services as well as risk environment factors are associated with ever being tested for HIV and ever receiving any general HIV medical care among 728 male and female intimate partners where at least one partner injects drugs. METHODS: Multivariate random effects logistic regression with random effects for couple were conducted to examine associations between access to health and drug treatment services, risk environment factors, and HIV testing and HIV medical care outcomes. RESULTS: Analyses indicate that accessing needle exchange services and having a regular physician were associated both with access to HIV testing and HIV medical care. Receiving drug treatment was associated with accessing HIV testing but not HIV medical care. Being arrested and charged with a criminal offense was also associated with accessing HIV testing but not HIV medical care. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Study findings highlight the need for increased scale-up of HIV testing efforts, as well as integrated HIV treatment and care in Kazakhstan.
BACKGROUND: Growing rates of HIV and high rates of injection drug use in Kazakhstan call for examining access to testing and treatment among people who inject drugs and their intimate partners. OBJECTIVES: We examine how access to health and drug treatment services as well as risk environment factors are associated with ever being tested for HIV and ever receiving any general HIV medical care among 728 male and female intimate partners where at least one partner injects drugs. METHODS: Multivariate random effects logistic regression with random effects for couple were conducted to examine associations between access to health and drug treatment services, risk environment factors, and HIV testing and HIV medical care outcomes. RESULTS: Analyses indicate that accessing needle exchange services and having a regular physician were associated both with access to HIV testing and HIV medical care. Receiving drug treatment was associated with accessing HIV testing but not HIV medical care. Being arrested and charged with a criminal offense was also associated with accessing HIV testing but not HIV medical care. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Study findings highlight the need for increased scale-up of HIV testing efforts, as well as integrated HIV treatment and care in Kazakhstan.
Entities:
Keywords:
HIV testing and treatment; Injection drug use; Kazakhstan
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