Erin M Bell1, Edwina H Yeung2, Wanli Ma3, Kurunthachalam Kannan4, Rajeshwari Sundaram5, Melissa M Smarr6, Germaine M Buck Louis7. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States. Electronic address: ebell@albany.edu. 2. Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States. Electronic address: edwina.yeung@nih.gov. 3. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. 4. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States. Electronic address: kurunthachalam.kannan@health.ny.gov. 5. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States. Electronic address: sundaramr2@nih.gov. 6. Department of Environmental Health, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States. Electronic address: msmarr@emory.edu. 7. Dean's Office, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States. Electronic address: glouis@gmu.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Novel methodologies to quantify infant exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for population-based studies are needed. OBJECTIVES: We used newborn dried blood spots to quantify three EDCs and their associations with infant outcomes in the Upstate KIDS Cohort. METHODS: We measured bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 2071 singleton and 1040 twin infants born to mothers in New York State. We log transformed concentrations after rescaling by their standard deviations and modeled each in relation to gestational age, birthweight, length, head circumference and Ponderal Index (PI) using linear regression techniques. All models were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, education, infertility treatment and parity. Generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to assess the associations for twins. RESULTS: Chemicals were largely quantified above the limits of detection (>99% for PFOS and PFOA; 90% for BPA). Overall, we observed no significant associations between PFASs and birth size irrespective of plurality of birth. However, among twins, BPA was associated with decreases in gestational age (adjusted β = -0.09 weeks; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.16, -0.02) and birthweight (adjusted β = -32.52 g; 95% CI: -60.99, -4.05), head circumference (adjusted β = -0.18 cm; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.02) and increased PI in singletons (adjusted β = 0.02 cm; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.04). CONCLUSION: We observed negative associations between BPA and birth size in twins. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of newborn dried blood spots for quantifying neonatal exposure at the population level.
BACKGROUND: Novel methodologies to quantify infant exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for population-based studies are needed. OBJECTIVES: We used newborn dried blood spots to quantify three EDCs and their associations with infant outcomes in the Upstate KIDS Cohort. METHODS: We measured bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 2071 singleton and 1040 twin infants born to mothers in New York State. We log transformed concentrations after rescaling by their standard deviations and modeled each in relation to gestational age, birthweight, length, head circumference and Ponderal Index (PI) using linear regression techniques. All models were adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, education, infertility treatment and parity. Generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to assess the associations for twins. RESULTS: Chemicals were largely quantified above the limits of detection (>99% for PFOS and PFOA; 90% for BPA). Overall, we observed no significant associations between PFASs and birth size irrespective of plurality of birth. However, among twins, BPA was associated with decreases in gestational age (adjusted β = -0.09 weeks; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.16, -0.02) and birthweight (adjusted β = -32.52 g; 95% CI: -60.99, -4.05), head circumference (adjusted β = -0.18 cm; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.02) and increased PI in singletons (adjusted β = 0.02 cm; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.04). CONCLUSION: We observed negative associations between BPA and birth size in twins. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of newborn dried blood spots for quantifying neonatal exposure at the population level.
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