Sohini Ghosh1, Wayne H Anderson2, Nirupama Putcha3, Meilan K Han4, Jeffrey L Curtis4, Gerard J Criner5, Mark T Dransfield6, R Graham Barr7, Jerry A Krishnan8, Stephen C Lazarus9, Christopher B Cooper10, Robert Paine11, Stephen P Peters12, Nadia N Hansel3, Fernando J Martinez13, M Bradley Drummond1. 1. 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and. 2. 2 Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 3. 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 4. 4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5. 5 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6. 6 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 7. 7 Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. 8. 8 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois. 9. 9 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 10. 10 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 11. 11 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 12. 12 Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, North Carolina; and. 13. 13 Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Despite awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment recommendations, uptake is poor. The Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) spans 2010-2016, providing an opportunity to assess integration of 2011 Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment strategies over time in a large observational cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how COPD treatment aligns with 2011 GOLD strategies and determine factors associated with failure to align with recommendations. METHODS: Information on inhaled medication use collected via questionnaire annually for 4 years was compiled into therapeutic classes (long-acting antimuscarinic agent, long-acting β-agonist, inhaled corticosteroids [ICS], and combinations thereof). Medications were not modified by SPIROMICS investigators. 2011 GOLD COPD categories A, B, C, and D were assigned. Alignment of inhaler regimen with first-/second-line GOLD recommendations was determined, stratifying into recommendation aligned or nonaligned. Recommendation-nonaligned participants were further stratified into overuse and underuse categories. RESULTS: Of 1,721 participants with COPD, at baseline, 52% of regimens aligned with GOLD recommendations. Among participants with nonaligned regimens, 46% reported underuse, predominately owing to lack of long-acting inhalers in GOLD category D. Of the 54% reporting overuse, 95% were treated with nonindicated ICS-containing regimens. Among 431 participants with 4 years of follow-up data, recommendation alignment did not change over time. When we compared 2011 and 2017 recommendations, we found that 47% did not align with either set of recommendations, whereas 35% were in alignment with both recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Among SPIROMICS participants with COPD, nearly 50% reported inhaler regimens that did not align with GOLD recommendations. Nonalignment was driven largely by overuse of ICS regimens in milder disease and lack of long-acting inhalers in severe disease.
RATIONALE: Despite awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment recommendations, uptake is poor. The Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) spans 2010-2016, providing an opportunity to assess integration of 2011 Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment strategies over time in a large observational cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how COPD treatment aligns with 2011 GOLD strategies and determine factors associated with failure to align with recommendations. METHODS: Information on inhaled medication use collected via questionnaire annually for 4 years was compiled into therapeutic classes (long-acting antimuscarinic agent, long-acting β-agonist, inhaled corticosteroids [ICS], and combinations thereof). Medications were not modified by SPIROMICS investigators. 2011 GOLD COPD categories A, B, C, and D were assigned. Alignment of inhaler regimen with first-/second-line GOLD recommendations was determined, stratifying into recommendation aligned or nonaligned. Recommendation-nonaligned participants were further stratified into overuse and underuse categories. RESULTS: Of 1,721 participants with COPD, at baseline, 52% of regimens aligned with GOLD recommendations. Among participants with nonaligned regimens, 46% reported underuse, predominately owing to lack of long-acting inhalers in GOLD category D. Of the 54% reporting overuse, 95% were treated with nonindicated ICS-containing regimens. Among 431 participants with 4 years of follow-up data, recommendation alignment did not change over time. When we compared 2011 and 2017 recommendations, we found that 47% did not align with either set of recommendations, whereas 35% were in alignment with both recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Among SPIROMICS participants with COPD, nearly 50% reported inhaler regimens that did not align with GOLD recommendations. Nonalignment was driven largely by overuse of ICS regimens in milder disease and lack of long-acting inhalers in severe disease.
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