Jeroen Hoogland1, Lennard L van Wanrooij1, Judith A Boel1, Jennifer G Goldman2, Glenn T Stebbins2, John C Dalrymple-Alford3, Connie Marras4, Charles H Adler5, Carme Junque6, Kenn F Pedersen7, Brit Mollenhauer8, Cyrus P Zabetian9, Paul J Eslinger10, Simon J G Lewis11, Ruey-Meei Wu12, Martin Klein13, Maria C Rodriguez-Oroz14, Davide M Cammisuli15, Paolo Barone16, Roberta Biundo17, Rob M A de Bie1, Ben A Schmand18,19, Alexander I Tröster20, David J Burn21, Irene Litvan22, J Vincent Filoteo22,23, Gert J Geurtsen18, Daniel Weintraub24. 1. Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Neurological Sciences, Section of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 3. New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand. 4. Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA and Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA. 6. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 7. The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, and Memory Clinic, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 8. Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany, and University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Neurology, Goettingen, Germany. 9. VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. 10. Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. 11. Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 12. Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 13. Department of Medical Psychology, section Medical Neuropsychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 14. Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, Donostia, San Sebastian and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain. 15. Fifth Local Sanitary Unit, Hospital Psychology, Pisa, Italy and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Pisa University School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy. 16. Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND) Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy. 17. San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy. 18. Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 19. Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 20. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Center for Neuromodulation, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. 21. Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 22. Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, San Diego, California, USA. 23. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA. 24. Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Numerous neuropsychological tests and test versions are used in Parkinson's disease research, but their relative capacity to detect mild cognitive deficits and their comparability across studies are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify neuropsychological tests that consistently detect cognitive decline in PD across studies. METHODS: Data from 30 normed neuropsychological tests across 20 international studies in up to 2908 nondemented PD patients were analyzed. A subset of 17 tests was administered to up to 1247 healthy controls. A 2-step meta-analytic approach using standardized scores compared performance in PD with normative data. RESULTS: Pooled estimates of the differences between PD and site-specific healthy controls identified significant cognitive deficits in PD patients on 14 test scores across 5 commonly assessed cognitive domains (attention or working memory, executive, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities), but healthy control performance was statistically above average on 7 of these tests. Analyses based on published norms only, as opposed to direct assessment of healthy controls, showed high between-study variability that could not be accounted for and led to inconclusive results. CONCLUSIONS: Normed neuropsychological tests across multiple cognitive domains consistently detect cognitive deficits in PD when compared with site-specific healthy control performance, but relative PD performance was significantly affected by the inclusion and type of healthy controls versus the use of published norms only. Additional research is needed to identify a cognitive battery that can be administered in multisite international studies and that is sensitive to cognitive decline, responsive to therapeutic interventions, and superior to individual cognitive tests.
BACKGROUND: Numerous neuropsychological tests and test versions are used in Parkinson's disease research, but their relative capacity to detect mild cognitive deficits and their comparability across studies are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify neuropsychological tests that consistently detect cognitive decline in PD across studies. METHODS: Data from 30 normed neuropsychological tests across 20 international studies in up to 2908 nondemented PDpatients were analyzed. A subset of 17 tests was administered to up to 1247 healthy controls. A 2-step meta-analytic approach using standardized scores compared performance in PD with normative data. RESULTS: Pooled estimates of the differences between PD and site-specific healthy controls identified significant cognitive deficits in PDpatients on 14 test scores across 5 commonly assessed cognitive domains (attention or working memory, executive, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities), but healthy control performance was statistically above average on 7 of these tests. Analyses based on published norms only, as opposed to direct assessment of healthy controls, showed high between-study variability that could not be accounted for and led to inconclusive results. CONCLUSIONS: Normed neuropsychological tests across multiple cognitive domains consistently detect cognitive deficits in PD when compared with site-specific healthy control performance, but relative PD performance was significantly affected by the inclusion and type of healthy controls versus the use of published norms only. Additional research is needed to identify a cognitive battery that can be administered in multisite international studies and that is sensitive to cognitive decline, responsive to therapeutic interventions, and superior to individual cognitive tests.
Authors: G Stennis Watson; Brenna A Cholerton; Rachel G Gross; Daniel Weintraub; Cyrus P Zabetian; John Q Trojanowski; Thomas J Montine; Andrew Siderowf; James B Leverenz Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2012-11-16 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: D Aarsland; K Bronnick; C Williams-Gray; D Weintraub; K Marder; J Kulisevsky; D Burn; P Barone; J Pagonabarraga; L Allcock; G Santangelo; T Foltynie; C Janvin; J P Larsen; R A Barker; M Emre Journal: Neurology Date: 2010-09-21 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Mariese A Hely; Wayne G J Reid; Michael A Adena; Glenda M Halliday; John G L Morris Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2008-04-30 Impact factor: 10.338
Authors: Krista Specketer; Cyrus P Zabetian; Karen L Edwards; Lu Tian; Joseph F Quinn; Amie L Peterson-Hiller; Kathryn A Chung; Shu-Ching Hu; Thomas J Montine; Brenna A Cholerton Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2019-06-10 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Alexandra M Gaynor; Anam Ahsan; Duane Jung; Elizabeth Schofield; Yuelin Li; Elizabeth Ryan; Tim A Ahles; James C Root Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2022-08-08 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Dag Aarsland; Lucia Batzu; Glenda M Halliday; Gert J Geurtsen; Clive Ballard; K Ray Chaudhuri; Daniel Weintraub Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 52.329
Authors: David W Loring; Russell M Bauer; Lucia Cavanagh; Daniel L Drane; Laura Glass Umfleet; Dustin Wahlstrom; Fiona Whelan; Keith F Widaman; Robert M Bilder; Kristen D Enriquez; Steven P Reise; KuoChung Shih Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2021-03-04 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Panteleimon Oikonomou; Daniel J van Wamelen; Daniel Weintraub; Dag Aarsland; Dominic Ffytche; Pablo Martinez-Martin; Carmen Rodriguez-Blazquez; Valentina Leta; Corinne Borley; Carolina Sportelli; Dhaval Trivedi; Aleksandra M Podlewska; Katarina Rukavina; Alexandra Rizos; Claudia Lazcano-Ocampo; Kallol Ray Chaudhuri Journal: Brain Behav Date: 2021-03-01 Impact factor: 2.708