Akihiro Kondo1, Yuichiro Tsukada1, Motohiro Kojima2, Yuji Nishizawa1, Takeshi Sasaki1, Yasuyuki Suzuki3, Masaaki Ito4. 1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan. 2. Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan. 3. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan. 4. Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan. maito@east.ncc.go.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the frequency of distal spread and the optimal distal margin after preoperative chemotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer. METHODS: The study included patients with advanced lower rectal cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent surgery during 2012-2015. We investigated the distal spread of tumor cells, defined as the distal distance from the intramucosal distal tumor edge to the farthest tumor cells located under the submucosal layer. Clinical characteristics were compared for distal spreads ≥ 10 and < 10 mm, and risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 71 patients, 42 (59%) showed distal spread. Distal spreads of 1-9, 10-19, and ≥ 20 mm were observed in 27 (38%), 11 (15%), and 4 (6%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed two independent risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm after preoperative chemotherapy. The first risk factor is the presence of different therapeutic effects between the mucosal and deeper layers (meaning that superficial tumor shrinkage was evident on colonoscopy, but little tumor shrinkage was evident on magnetic resonance imaging) (odds ratio, 11.6; 95% CI, 2.22-61.3). The second risk factor is poorly differentiated or mucinous adenocarcinoma (odds ratio, 8.86; 95% CI, 1.58-49.9). CONCLUSION: A distal margin of 20 mm is required (10 mm is insufficient) for advanced lower rectal cancer patients who receive preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery. Independent risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm include (1) the presence of different therapeutic effects between mucosal and deeper layers and (2) poorly differentiated or mucinous adenocarcinomas.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the frequency of distal spread and the optimal distal margin after preoperative chemotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer. METHODS: The study included patients with advanced lower rectal cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent surgery during 2012-2015. We investigated the distal spread of tumor cells, defined as the distal distance from the intramucosal distal tumor edge to the farthest tumor cells located under the submucosal layer. Clinical characteristics were compared for distal spreads ≥ 10 and < 10 mm, and risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 71 patients, 42 (59%) showed distal spread. Distal spreads of 1-9, 10-19, and ≥ 20 mm were observed in 27 (38%), 11 (15%), and 4 (6%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed two independent risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm after preoperative chemotherapy. The first risk factor is the presence of different therapeutic effects between the mucosal and deeper layers (meaning that superficial tumor shrinkage was evident on colonoscopy, but little tumor shrinkage was evident on magnetic resonance imaging) (odds ratio, 11.6; 95% CI, 2.22-61.3). The second risk factor is poorly differentiated or mucinous adenocarcinoma (odds ratio, 8.86; 95% CI, 1.58-49.9). CONCLUSION: A distal margin of 20 mm is required (10 mm is insufficient) for advanced lower rectal cancerpatients who receive preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery. Independent risk factors for distal spread ≥ 10 mm include (1) the presence of different therapeutic effects between mucosal and deeper layers and (2) poorly differentiated or mucinous adenocarcinomas.
Entities:
Keywords:
Chemotherapy; Distal margin; Distal spread; Rectal cancer
Authors: E Kapiteijn; C A Marijnen; I D Nagtegaal; H Putter; W H Steup; T Wiggers; H J Rutten; L Pahlman; B Glimelius; J H van Krieken; J W Leer; C J van de Velde Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2001-08-30 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Deborah Schrag; Martin R Weiser; Karyn A Goodman; Mithat Gonen; Ellen Hollywood; Andrea Cercek; Diane L Reidy-Lagunes; Marc J Gollub; Jinru Shia; Jose G Guillem; Larissa K F Temple; Philip B Paty; Leonard B Saltz Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2014-01-13 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Jae Young Kwak; Chan Wook Kim; Seok-Byung Lim; Chang Sik Yu; Tae Won Kim; Jong Hoon Kim; Se Jin Jang; Jin Cheon Kim Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2012-08-10 Impact factor: 3.452
Authors: Ewa Chmielik; Krzysztof Bujko; Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer; Marek P Nowacki; Lucyna Kepka; Rafal Sopylo; Andrzej Wojnar; Przemyslaw Majewski; Jacek Sygut; Andrzej Karmolinski; Tomasz Huzarski; Piotr Wandzel Journal: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys Date: 2006-03-10 Impact factor: 7.038