Prabjit Barn1, Enkhjargal Gombojav2, Chimedsuren Ochir2, Buyantushig Boldbaatar2, Bolor Beejin3, Gerel Naidan2, Jargalsaikhan Galsuren2, Bayarkhuu Legtseg4, Tsogtbaatar Byambaa3, Jennifer A Hutcheon5, Craig Janes6, Patricia A Janssen7, Bruce P Lanphear8, Lawrence C McCandless8, Tim K Takaro8, Scott A Venners8, Glenys M Webster8, Ryan W Allen8. 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada. Electronic address: pkbarn@sfu.ca. 2. School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia. 3. Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 4. Sukhbaatar District Health Center, 11 Horoo, Tsagdaagiin Gudamj, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 5. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver V6H 2N1, Canada. 6. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West,Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada. 7. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada. 8. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure may impair fetal growth. AIMS/ OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the effect of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaner use during pregnancy on fetal growth. METHODS: The Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Non-smoking pregnant women recruited at ≤18 weeks gestation were randomized to an intervention (1-2 air cleaners in homes from early pregnancy until childbirth) or control (no air cleaners) group. Participants were not blinded to their intervention status. Demographic, health, and birth outcome data were obtained via questionnaires and clinic records. We used unadjusted linear and logistic regression and time-to-event analysis to evaluate the intervention. Our primary outcome was birth weight. Secondary outcomes were gestational age-adjusted birth weight, birth length, head circumference, gestational age at birth, and small for gestational age. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741051). RESULTS: We recruited 540 participants (272 control and 268 intervention) from January 9, 2014 to May 1, 2015. There were 465 live births and 28 losses to follow up. We previously reported a 29% (95% CI: 21, 37%) reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations with portable HEPA filter air cleaner use. The median (25th, 75th percentile) birth weights for control and intervention participants were 3450 g (3150, 3800 g) and 3550 g (3200, 3800 g), respectively (p = 0.34). The intervention was not associated with birth weight (18 g; 95% CI: -84, 120 g), but in a pre-specified subgroup analysis of 429 term births the intervention was associated with an 85 g (95% CI: 3, 167 g) increase in mean birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: HEPA filter air cleaner use in a high pollution setting was associated with greater birth weight only among babies born at term.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure may impair fetal growth. AIMS/ OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the effect of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaner use during pregnancy on fetal growth. METHODS: The Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Non-smoking pregnant women recruited at ≤18 weeks gestation were randomized to an intervention (1-2 air cleaners in homes from early pregnancy until childbirth) or control (no air cleaners) group. Participants were not blinded to their intervention status. Demographic, health, and birth outcome data were obtained via questionnaires and clinic records. We used unadjusted linear and logistic regression and time-to-event analysis to evaluate the intervention. Our primary outcome was birth weight. Secondary outcomes were gestational age-adjusted birth weight, birth length, head circumference, gestational age at birth, and small for gestational age. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741051). RESULTS: We recruited 540 participants (272 control and 268 intervention) from January 9, 2014 to May 1, 2015. There were 465 live births and 28 losses to follow up. We previously reported a 29% (95% CI: 21, 37%) reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations with portable HEPA filter air cleaner use. The median (25th, 75th percentile) birth weights for control and intervention participants were 3450 g (3150, 3800 g) and 3550 g (3200, 3800 g), respectively (p = 0.34). The intervention was not associated with birth weight (18 g; 95% CI: -84, 120 g), but in a pre-specified subgroup analysis of 429 term births the intervention was associated with an 85 g (95% CI: 3, 167 g) increase in mean birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: HEPA filter air cleaner use in a high pollution setting was associated with greater birth weight only among babies born at term.
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