Masako Ohara1, Masahiro Nakatochi2, Takashi Okada3, Branko Aleksic1, Yukako Nakamura1, Tomoko Shiino4, Aya Yamauchi1, Chika Kubota4, Mako Morikawa1, Satomi Murase5, Setsuko Goto6, Atsuko Kanai7, Ryuji Kato8, Masahiko Ando9, Norio Ozaki1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. 2. Division of Data Science, Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: okada@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan. 5. Liaison Medical Marunouchi, Nagoya, Japan. 6. Goto Setsuko Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Japan. 7. Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 8. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 9. Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have reported associations between bonding failure, depression, social support among mothers, and perceived rearing, the causal relationships remain unclear. METHODS: A total of 855 women (mean age, 32.4 ± 4.4 years) completed the Mother-Infant Bonding Questionnaire (MIBQ), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Japanese version of the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Parental Bonding Instrument in early pregnancy before week 25 (T1) and at 1 month after delivery (T2). We created a path model to clarify the causal relationships between perinatal bonding failure, depression, social support, and perceived rearing during pregnancy and at 1 month after delivery. The model was tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Our recursive model showed acceptable fit (chi-squared statistic/degree of freedom = 2.1, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.04). It was revealed that: (1) at T1, higher overprotection significantly predicted MIBQ scores; (2) at T1, poorer social support significantly predicted both MIBQ and EPDS scores; and (3) at T1, both MIBQ and EPDS scores significantly predicted respective scores at T2. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that bonding failure in the postpartum period was significantly influenced by mothers' own perceived rearing and social support during pregnancy. In addition, depression in the postpartum period was strongly influenced by social support during pregnancy. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on both mothers' recollections of their own upbringing and social support during pregnancy are effective for preventing bonding failure and depression in the postpartum period.
BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have reported associations between bonding failure, depression, social support among mothers, and perceived rearing, the causal relationships remain unclear. METHODS: A total of 855 women (mean age, 32.4 ± 4.4 years) completed the Mother-Infant Bonding Questionnaire (MIBQ), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Japanese version of the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Parental Bonding Instrument in early pregnancy before week 25 (T1) and at 1 month after delivery (T2). We created a path model to clarify the causal relationships between perinatal bonding failure, depression, social support, and perceived rearing during pregnancy and at 1 month after delivery. The model was tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Our recursive model showed acceptable fit (chi-squared statistic/degree of freedom = 2.1, comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.04). It was revealed that: (1) at T1, higher overprotection significantly predicted MIBQ scores; (2) at T1, poorer social support significantly predicted both MIBQ and EPDS scores; and (3) at T1, both MIBQ and EPDS scores significantly predicted respective scores at T2. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that bonding failure in the postpartum period was significantly influenced by mothers' own perceived rearing and social support during pregnancy. In addition, depression in the postpartum period was strongly influenced by social support during pregnancy. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on both mothers' recollections of their own upbringing and social support during pregnancy are effective for preventing bonding failure and depression in the postpartum period.
Authors: Jiarui Chen; Mei Sun; Chongmei Huang; Jinnan Xiao; Siyuan Tang; Qirong Chen Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-05-05 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Luca Rollè; Maura Giordano; Fabrizio Santoniccolo; Tommaso Trombetta Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-04-12 Impact factor: 3.390