Establishment and characterization of a cell line from a human gliosarcoma.

A human gliosarcoma culture was characterized from the time of inception to the time of establishment of the cell line (SF-539 BT). Immunohistochemical analysis of the original tumor showed 2 distinct regions of cells. The gliomatous regions were identified by immunostains for glial fibrillary acidic protein and the sarcomatous regions by immunostains for laminin, collagen type IV, procollagen type III, and fibronectin. In early-passage culture, both types of cells maintained their characteristic immunohistochemical profiles; however, after the fourth subcultivation in monolayer culture, no cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein could be identified. All cells had become morphologically uniform and expressed laminin, collagen type IV, procollagen type III, and fibronectin only. The immunostaining profile of clones grown in soft agar was similar to that of cells in monolayer culture. At establishment, SF-539 BT has a saturation density of 1.3 X 10(6) cells/25 sq cm, a doubling time of 32 h, and a plating efficiency of 22% in monolayer culture. The tumor cell line is resistant to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, has an abnormal karyotype, grows anchorage independently, and forms a tumor that most closely resembles a spindle cell sarcoma in athymic mice. Its ultrastructure in monolayer culture consists of large cells with an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant multivesicular bodies; in athymic mice, extracellular collagen fiber formation is prominent. DEAE-cellulose chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cultures labeled with [3H] proline demonstrated interstitial collagen formation. We conclude that the cell line at establishment is a collagen-producing spindle cell sarcoma that resembles the sarcomatous regions of the original mixed tumor. Further cell separation and characterization studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis of mixed tumors such as gliosarcoma.