Flexible retinal image formation by holographic Maxwellian-view display.

The Maxwellian-view display can provide visual information to people with low vision because retinal images can be formed independently of the refractive power of an eye by using rays converging on its pupil. This study presents the holographic Maxwellian-view display, which generates a wavefront converging on the pupil and forming images on the retina. The beam convergent point can be moved electrically in accordance with the pupil movement, and the beam width in the pupil can be changed electrically to control the depth of field of the eye. A compact optical system configuration for the holographic Maxwellian-view display is also proposed. The prototype system was constructed and experimentally tested. Because this holographic technique allows the phase modulation in the pupil, eye aberrations can be corrected; thus, retinal images can be formed for eyes with astigmatism.