Jing Wang1,2, Lei Pan1, Enqing Liu1, Hongyan Liu1, Jin Liu1, Shuting Wang1, Jia Guo1, Nan Li1, Cuilin Zhang3, Gang Hu4. 1. Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China. 2. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA. 3. Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA. 4. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA. gang.hu@pbrc.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the children's body mass index (BMI) growth between offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those not exposed, and assess the associations between maternal hyperglycemia and their offspring's overweight risk from 1 to 6 years of age. METHODS: Using the healthcare records data from the Tianjin Maternal and Child Healthcare System, we conducted a population-based cohort study, which is composed of 27,155 mother-child pairs with all mothers undergoing GDM screening test in pregnancy. RESULTS: After adjustment for maternal and children's characteristics, children born to mothers with abnormal glucose (including GDM or abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT) but normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results) during pregnancy had higher mean values of Z-scores for BMI for age at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 years of age, in comparison with those born to mothers with normal glucose (all P values < 0.05). Moreover, maternal abnormal glucose was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.14), 1.09 (95% CI 1.04-1.15), 1.10 (95% CI 1.04-1.15), 1.08 (95% CI 1.03-1.14), 1.08 (95% 1.03-1.13), and 1.07 (95% 1.02-1.12) at 1-6 years of age compared with children of mothers with normal glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy was independently associated with children's higher BMI and overweight risk from 1 to 6 years of age. Women with positive GCT results but negative OGTT can be neglected by the health system. More attention should be paid to the health of these mothers and their offspring.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the children's body mass index (BMI) growth between offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those not exposed, and assess the associations between maternal hyperglycemia and their offspring's overweight risk from 1 to 6 years of age. METHODS: Using the healthcare records data from the Tianjin Maternal and Child Healthcare System, we conducted a population-based cohort study, which is composed of 27,155 mother-child pairs with all mothers undergoing GDM screening test in pregnancy. RESULTS: After adjustment for maternal and children's characteristics, children born to mothers with abnormal glucose (including GDM or abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT) but normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results) during pregnancy had higher mean values of Z-scores for BMI for age at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 years of age, in comparison with those born to mothers with normal glucose (all P values < 0.05). Moreover, maternal abnormal glucose was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.14), 1.09 (95% CI 1.04-1.15), 1.10 (95% CI 1.04-1.15), 1.08 (95% CI 1.03-1.14), 1.08 (95% 1.03-1.13), and 1.07 (95% 1.02-1.12) at 1-6 years of age compared with children of mothers with normal glucose. CONCLUSIONS:Abnormal maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy was independently associated with children's higher BMI and overweight risk from 1 to 6 years of age. Women with positive GCT results but negative OGTT can be neglected by the health system. More attention should be paid to the health of these mothers and their offspring.
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