Recommendations for clinical translation of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy.

A multi-disciplinary cooperative for nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT) has been formed to review the current status of the field and identify key stages towards translation. Supported by the Colorectal Cancer Healthcare Technologies Cooperative, the cooperative comprises a diverse cohort of key contributors along the translation pathway including academics of physics, cancer and radio-biology, chemistry, nanotechnology and clinical trials, clinicians, manufacturers, industry, standards laboratories, policy makers and patients. Our aim was to leverage our combined expertise to devise solutions towards a roadmap for translation and commercialisation of NERT, in order to focus research in the direction of clinical implementation, and streamline the critical pathway from basic science to the clinic. A recent meeting of the group identified barriers to and strategies for accelerated clinical translation. This commentary reports the cooperative's recommendations. Particular emphasis was given to more standardised and cohesive research methods, models and outputs, and reprioritised research drivers including patient quality of life following treatment. Nanoparticle design criteria were outlined to incorporate scalability of manufacture, understanding and optimisation of biological mechanisms of enhancement and in vivo fate of nanoparticles, as well as existing design criteria for physical and chemical enhancement. In addition, the group aims to establish a long-term and widespread international community to disseminate key findings and create a much-needed cohesive body of evidence necessary for commercial and clinical translation.