Anneke van Biljon1, Andrew J McKune2, Katrina D DuBose3, Unathi Kolanisi4, Stuart J Semple5. 1. Department of Biokinetics and Sports Science, University of Zululand, Richards Bay, South Africa. Electronic address: vanbiljona@unizulu.ac.za. 2. Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. 3. Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC. 4. Department of Consumer Science, University of Zululand, Richards Bay, South Africa. 5. Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of short-term exercise of varying intensity on traditional risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 109 children (mean age, 11.1 ± 0.8 years) were conveniently assigned to 5 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n = 29) set at 65%-70% of maximum heart rate, high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 29; >80% maximum heart rate), combined training (HIIT + MICT; n = 27), or no training (control; n = 24). Two-way ANOVA (group × time) was used to evaluate the effects of training on all cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of difference. RESULTS: MICT, HIIT, and HIIT + MICT were associated with significantly improved resting heart rate (effect size, -0.4, -1.1, and -1.1, respectively; P < .0001), fasting glucose (effect size, -0.6, -0.9, and -0.1, respectively; P = .0004), peak oxygen consumption (effect size, 0.5, 0.9, and 0.5, respectively; P < .0001), and c-reactive protein (effect size, -0.2, -1.0, and -0.5, respectively; P = .0016). HIIT + MICT was significantly associated with reduced waist circumference (-5.4%; P < .0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (-2.5%; P < .0002) compared with MICT (7.0% and 6.3%, respectively) and HIIT (-0.5% and -1.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Short-term HIIT and MICT interventions are useful for improving cardiometabolic health in children. HIIT + MICT may provide superior reductions in central obesity indicators.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of short-term exercise of varying intensity on traditional risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 109 children (mean age, 11.1 ± 0.8 years) were conveniently assigned to 5 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n = 29) set at 65%-70% of maximum heart rate, high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 29; >80% maximum heart rate), combined training (HIIT + MICT; n = 27), or no training (control; n = 24). Two-way ANOVA (group × time) was used to evaluate the effects of training on all cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of difference. RESULTS: MICT, HIIT, and HIIT + MICT were associated with significantly improved resting heart rate (effect size, -0.4, -1.1, and -1.1, respectively; P < .0001), fasting glucose (effect size, -0.6, -0.9, and -0.1, respectively; P = .0004), peak oxygen consumption (effect size, 0.5, 0.9, and 0.5, respectively; P < .0001), and c-reactive protein (effect size, -0.2, -1.0, and -0.5, respectively; P = .0016). HIIT + MICT was significantly associated with reduced waist circumference (-5.4%; P < .0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (-2.5%; P < .0002) compared with MICT (7.0% and 6.3%, respectively) and HIIT (-0.5% and -1.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Short-term HIIT and MICT interventions are useful for improving cardiometabolic health in children. HIIT + MICT may provide superior reductions in central obesity indicators.
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