Literature DB >> 30172267

[Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma 
in SEER Database between 2010 and 2015].

Cheng Zhan1, Tian Jiang1, Xiaodong Yang1, Weigang Guo1, Lijie Tan1.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The incidence and the mortality of lung cancer rank first among all malignant tumors and it seriously affects human health. The common types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma with clinical research and more attention, while adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare pathological subtype of lung cancer, which clinical features and prognostic factors are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features and prognosis of lung adenosquamous carcinoma, and construct a nomogram to predict the patients' prognosis.
METHODS: We obtained the data of adenosquamous carcinoma patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States, and compared their clinical features and prognosis with those of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients in the same period. Then we used univariate and multivariate analyses to explore the independent prognostic factors of adenosquamous carcinoma. Finally, we constructed and validated a nomogram to visually predict the outcomes of lung adenosquamous carcinoma.
RESULTS: 1,453 patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma were finally included. Compared with patients with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, the distributions of lung adenocarcinoma patients in most of the variables were medium between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma was better than that of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but worse than that of lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that age, differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors (all P were less than 0.001). We constructed a nomogram with a C-index of 0.783 (0.767-0.799). The distinction test and consistency test showed that the nomogram could predict the patient's prognosis effectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma has unique clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics. Age, differentiation, T, N, M, surgery, and chemotherapy status are independent predictors of prognosis in patients with adenosquamous carcinoma. Our nomogram can efficiently predict the prognosis of patients.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Adenosquamous carcinoma; Lung neoplasms; Nomogram; SEER database

Mesh:

Year:  2018        PMID: 30172267      PMCID: PMC6105351          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.08.14

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


肺癌发病率和死亡率均位居所有恶性肿瘤的第一位,2012年世界发病人数约182万人,死亡人数约159万人,严重地影响了全人类的健康[。腺癌和鳞癌是肺癌的最主要的病理类型,得到了广泛的研究与关注。但在腺癌和鳞癌之外,还存在着许多并不常见的肺癌病理类型,它们的临床特征和预后因素仍不明确。 腺鳞癌是其中一类较为罕见的肺癌病理类型,据报道其仅占所有肺癌的0.4%-4%[。根据当前的分类方法,肿瘤必须含有至少10%的腺癌或鳞癌成分时才能诊断为腺鳞癌[。肺腺鳞癌有着其独特的临床病理和预后特征。在本研究中,我们利用美国SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)数据库的肺腺鳞癌病例数据,分析了肺腺鳞癌与肺腺癌、肺鳞癌在临床特征上的差别,并研究了肺腺鳞癌预后的相关因素。我们进一步基于生存分析的结果制作了肺腺鳞癌患者的列线图,以更好地预测患者的预后。

材料与方法

数据来源

我们通过SEER*Stat软件(v8.3.5,https://seer.cancer.gov/seerstat/)从SEER数据库(http://seer.cancer.gov/)中下载了2010年-2015年的所有原发性肺癌患者数据。排除标准为:①有其他部位肿瘤史;②分化、分期、治疗方式等未知;③病理类型非腺鳞癌、腺癌或者鳞癌(图 1)。
1

患者筛选流程图

Flow diagram of selecting process

患者筛选流程图 Flow diagram of selecting process 我们提取并分析了患者的种族、年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、分化程度、肿瘤-淋巴结-转移(tumor-node-metastasis, TNM)、分期、手术、放疗、化疗、保险、婚姻状况以及生存状态和时间等变量,并且我们按照第八版美国癌症联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC)肺癌分期方案重新整理了所有患者的T、N、M以及分期。

统计分析

在肺腺鳞癌、腺癌和鳞癌之间的临床特征比较中,对于种族、肿瘤位置等多分类变量的比较采用卡方检验、对于性别、分化、T、N、M、分期、手术、放疗、化疗、保险、婚姻状况等二分类变量或者有序变量的比较采用秩和检验,对于年龄这一定量变量的比较采用方差分析。在肺腺鳞癌的预后因素分析,我们采用Kaplan-Meier分析和Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,采用Cox模型进行多因素分析。以上分析均采用SPSS(v25)进行,均为双侧检验,P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 我们采用R语言(v4.3.4)进行列线图的制作和检验,用到的主要软件包为rms和Hmisc[。

结果

肺腺鳞癌、腺癌和鳞癌之间的临床特征比较

如图 1所示,经筛选后,我们一共入组同期的肺腺鳞癌患者1, 453例,腺癌患者40, 839例和鳞癌患者23, 251例。肺腺鳞癌患者数量仅为腺癌患者数量的3.6%和鳞癌患者数量的6.3%。经统计分析发现,肺腺鳞癌、腺癌和鳞癌患者的种族、性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、分化程度、T、N、M以及总分期、手术和放疗、以及婚姻和保险状况均存在显著差异(表 1)。腺鳞癌的种族、性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、分期以及放疗等变量分布特征介于腺癌和鳞癌中间,但腺鳞癌的分化程度要低于腺癌和鳞癌,接受手术的比例要高于腺癌和鳞癌。腺鳞癌男性患者比例略多于女性患者。腺鳞癌好发位置为右上肺叶和左上肺叶,占比分别为34.1%和28.7%。低分化患者占所有腺鳞癌患者的65.2%。生存分析显示:腺鳞癌患者的预后也介于腺癌患者和鳞癌患者之间,中位生存时间分别为22.0(19.3-24.7)、32.0(31.1-32.9)、17.0(16.5-17.5)个月,差异存在统计学意义(P < 0.001)(图 2)。
1

肺腺鳞癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者临床病理特征比较

Comparison of the clinipathological characteristics of lung adenosquamous carcinoma with those of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

CharacteristicsAdenosquamous carcinomaAdenocarcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaP
n1, 45340, 83923, 251 
Race   < 0.001
  White1, 186 (81.6%)32, 309 (79.1%)19, 501 (83.9%) 
  Black141 (9.7%)4, 623 (11.3%)2, 542 (10.9%) 
  Others126 (8.7%)3, 907(9.6%)1, 208 (5.2%) 
Gender   < 0.001
  Male781 (53.8%)18, 760 (45.9%)14, 443 (62.1%) 
  Female672 (46.2%)22, 061 (54.1%)8, 802 (37.9%) 
Age (Mean±SD, yr)69.2±10.167.0±11.069.9±9.6< 0.001
  Marriage   < 0.001
  No614 (42.3%)18, 065 (44.2%)11, 091 (47.7%) 
  Yes839 (57.7%)22, 774 (55.8%)12, 160 (52.3%) 
Insurance   < 0.001
  No24 (1.7%)1, 091 (2.7%)506 (2.2%) 
  Yes1, 429 (98.3%)39, 748 (97.3%)22, 745 (97.8%) 
  Site   < 0.001
  Left upper lobe417 (28.7%)10, 527 (25.8%)6, 784 (29.2%) 
  Left lower lobe205 (14.1%)5, 669 (13.9%)3, 286 (14.1%) 
  Right upper lobe495 (34.1%)14, 616 (35.8%)7, 540 (32.4%) 
  Right middle lobe52 (3.6%)2, 437 (6.0%)950 (4.1%) 
  Right lower lobe261 (18.0%)7, 058 (17.3%)4, 322 (18.6%) 
  Overlapping lobes23 (1.6%)532 (1.3%)369 (1.6%) 
Grade   < 0.001
  Well differentiated17 (1.2%)7, 591 (18.6%)709 (3.0%) 
  Moderately differentiated461 (31.7%)15, 130 (37.0%)9, 941 (42.8%) 
  Poorly differentiated947 (65.2%)17, 563 (43%)12, 396 (53.3%) 
  Undifferentiated28 (1.9%)555 (1.4%)205 (0.9%) 
T stage   < 0.001
  T1373 (25.7%)13, 569 (33.2%)4, 957 (21.3%) 
  T2593 (40.8%)13, 408 (32.8%)8, 454 (36.4%) 
  T3281 (19.3%)7, 291 (17.9%)5, 394 (23.2%) 
  T4206 (14.2%)6, 571 (16.1%)4, 446 (19.1%) 
N stage   < 0.001
  N0753 (51.8%)22, 411 (54.9%)11, 915 (51.2%) 
  N1190 (13.1%)3, 979 (9.7%)2, 590 (11.1%) 
  N2402 (27.7%)10, 866 (26.6%)6, 914 (29.7%) 
  N3108 (7.4%)3, 583 (8.8%)1, 832 (7.9%) 
M stage   < 0.001
  M01, 069 (73.6%)27, 360 (67.0%)17, 249 (74.2%) 
  M1384 (26.4%)13, 479 (33.0%)6, 002 (25.8%) 
Stage   < 0.001
  Ⅰ552 (38.0%)16, 246 (39.8%)7, 971 (34.3%) 
  Ⅱ230 (15.8%)4, 565 (11.2%)3, 413 (14.7%) 
  Ⅲ287 (19.8%)6, 549 (16.0%)5, 865 (25.2%) 
  Ⅳ384 (26.4%)13, 479 (33.0%)6, 002 (25.8%) 
Surgery   < 0.001
  No581 (40.0%)19, 776 (48.4%)14, 153 (60.9%) 
  Yes872 (60.0%)21, 063 (51.6%)9, 098 (39.1%) 
Radiotherapy   < 0.001
  No971 (66.8%)27, 519 (67.4%)13, 077 (56.2%) 
  Yes482 (33.2%)13, 320 (32.6%)10, 174 (43.8%) 
Chemotherapy   0.112
  No/Unknown854 (58.8%)24, 441 (59.8%)13, 727 (59.0%) 
  Yes599 (41.2%)16, 398 (40.2%)9, 524 (41.0%) 
2

肺腺鳞癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者生存比较

The survival curves of lung adenosquamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma

肺腺鳞癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者临床病理特征比较 Comparison of the clinipathological characteristics of lung adenosquamous carcinoma with those of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma 肺腺鳞癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者生存比较 The survival curves of lung adenosquamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma

腺鳞癌的预后因素分析

我们采用单因素分析对肺鳞腺癌患者的可能的预后因素进行研究发现,年龄、分化程度、T、N、M、总分期、手术、放疗和化疗与患者预后的相关性存在统计学意义(P均 < 0.001)(图 3、图 4、图 5)。年龄越大、分化程度越低、T、M、M及总分期越高,患者的预后越差。另外,单因素分析结果显示,接受手术的患者预后较未接受手术的患者预后更好,而接受放疗和化疗的患者分别较未接受的患者预后更差。种族(P=0.127)、性别(P=0.216)、婚姻(P=0.065)、保险状况(P=0.205)和肿瘤位置(P=0.110)与预后的相关性无显著统计学意义。
3

种族、性别、年龄、婚姻和保险状况与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:种族;B:性别;C:年龄;D:婚姻状况;E:保险状况

Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to race (A), gender (B), age (C), marriage (D), and insurance status (E)

4

肿瘤位置、分化、T、N、M、总分期与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:肿瘤位置;B:分化;C:T分期;D:N分期;E:M分期;F:总分期

Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to site (A), grade (B), T stage (C), N stage (D), M stage (E), and TNM stage (F). TNM: tumor-node-matastasis

5

手术、放疗和化疗状况与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:手术;B:放疗;C:化疗

Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to surgery (A), radiotherapy (B), and chemotherapy (C)

种族、性别、年龄、婚姻和保险状况与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:种族;B:性别;C:年龄;D:婚姻状况;E:保险状况 Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to race (A), gender (B), age (C), marriage (D), and insurance status (E) 肿瘤位置、分化、T、N、M、总分期与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:肿瘤位置;B:分化;C:T分期;D:N分期;E:M分期;F:总分期 Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to site (A), grade (B), T stage (C), N stage (D), M stage (E), and TNM stage (F). TNM: tumor-node-matastasis 手术、放疗和化疗状况与肺腺鳞癌患者预后分析。A:手术;B:放疗;C:化疗 Survival analyses of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma according to surgery (A), radiotherapy (B), and chemotherapy (C) 进一步将这些在单因素分析中具有统计学意义的变量纳入多变量分析后发现,年龄、分化程度、T、N、M、手术和化疗是患者预后的独立影响因素(P均 < 0.001)(表 2)。多因素分析结果同样显示,患者的年龄越大、分化程度越低、T、M及总分期越高,预后越差。但N1、N2、N3对患者预后的影响接近,与N0相比较其OR分别为1.474(1.110-1.958)、1.512(1.237-1.849)、1.519(1.192-1.937)。接受手术的患者预后显著优于未手术的患者,其OR为0.335(0.273-0.410)。与单因素分析结果不同,多因素分析结果显示接受化疗是较好的预后因素,OR为0.607(0.513-0.718),意味着排除其他因素的影响后,接受化疗的患者相对未接受化疗的患者有着更好的预后。同时结果显示放疗并不是一个独立的预后影响因素(P=0.500)。因为总分期与T、N、M分期有关,不是一个独立的变量,因此未纳入到多因素分析中。
2

多因素分析肺腺鳞癌患者预后的独立影响因素

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma

CharacteristicsOR (95%CI)P
Age (yr) < 0.001
  ≤50Reference 
  51-600.998 (0.693-1.439)0.993
  61-701.131 (0.806-1.587)0.476
  71-801.547 (1.101-2.172)0.012
   > 801.779 (1.227-2.579)0.002
Grade < 0.001
  Well differentiatedReference 
  Moderately differentiated4.392 (1.398-13.801)0.011
  Poorly differentiated5.517 (1.764-17.26)0.003
  Undifferentiated12.945 (3.808-44.006)< 0.001
T stage < 0.001
  T1Reference 
  T21.572 (1.265-1.953)< 0.001
  T31.743 (1.359-2.235)< 0.001
  T41.806 (1.387-2.353)< 0.001
N stage < 0.001
  N0Reference 
  N11.474 (1.110-1.958)< 0.001
  N21.512 (1.237-1.849)< 0.001
  N31.519 (1.192-1.937)0.007
M stage < 0.001
  M0Reference 
  M12.284 (1.898-2.749)< 0.001
Surgery < 0.001
  NoReference 
  Yes0.335 (0.273-0.410)< 0.001
Radiotherapy 0.500
  NoReference 
  Yes0.943 (0.796-1.118)0.500
Chemotherapy < 0.001
  No/UnknownReference 
  Yes0.607 (0.513-0.718)< 0.001
多因素分析肺腺鳞癌患者预后的独立影响因素 Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma

列线图的制作及检验

我们基于以上的患者预后的独立预测因素成功构建了列线图(图 6A),依据患者的年龄、分化、T、N、M、手术和化疗状况,我们可以可视化地计算出患者的3年和5年生存率。经区分度检验,这一列线图的C-index为0.783(0.767-0.799)。一致性检验显示,列线图所预测的3年、5年生存率与实际的3年、5年生存率有着很好的一致性,一致性曲线斜率接近于1(图 6B,图 6C)。
6

肺腺鳞癌患者的列线图以及一致性检验。A:列线图;B:3年生存率的一致性检验;C:5年生存率的一致性检验

The nomogram of lung adenosquamous carcinoma and the calibration curves. A: the nomogram; B: calibration curve predicting 3-year survival; C: calibration curve predicting 5-year survival

肺腺鳞癌患者的列线图以及一致性检验。A:列线图;B:3年生存率的一致性检验;C:5年生存率的一致性检验 The nomogram of lung adenosquamous carcinoma and the calibration curves. A: the nomogram; B: calibration curve predicting 3-year survival; C: calibration curve predicting 5-year survival

讨论

在本研究中,我们对美国SEER数据库中的肺腺鳞癌患者数据进行了深入的分析,发现肺腺鳞癌患者在种族、年龄、性别等多个方面均介于肺腺癌和鳞癌之间,其预后也优于肺鳞癌但比肺腺癌患者差。我们发现年龄、分化程度、T、N、M、手术和化疗是肺腺鳞癌患者预后的独立影响因素并以此绘制了列线图。区分度检验和一致性检验表明这一列线图能有效地预测患者3年和5年生存概率。 在我们的研究中,我们发现肺腺鳞癌的预后介于肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者之间。但在大多数研究中,肺腺鳞癌的预后均差于肺腺癌和肺鳞癌[。这些研究中往往比较的是手术后的肺腺鳞癌、腺癌和鳞癌患者,这会给研究结果带来一定的偏倚。Wang等[对肺腺鳞癌、腺癌和鳞癌患者的肿瘤特异性生存进行初步比较时发现肺腺鳞癌患者预后要优于肺腺癌和鳞癌患者。但Wang等[进一步分别采用倾向性匹配消除肺腺鳞癌和肺腺癌、以及肺腺鳞癌和肺鳞癌之间临床特征的差异后再进行比较,发现同样条件下的肺腺鳞癌患者预后较肺腺癌和肺鳞癌患者差。 手术和化疗是肺腺鳞癌患者的主要治疗方式,在我们的研究中手术和化疗也是患者预后独立的影响因素,接受手术和化疗的患者预后会更好,不管是单因素分析还是多因素分析,手术的患者预后更佳,这和患者的分期相关,一般来说,能手术的患者分期偏早。而化疗在单因素分析中提示接受化疗的患者预后较未接受化疗的患者差,多因素分析排除其他因素后提示化疗对于非腺鳞癌仍旧是较好的预后因素。靶向治疗是肺腺鳞癌未来的发展方向,但目前对肺腺鳞癌患者的靶向治疗方案及效果鲜有报道[。肺腺鳞癌的基因突变也具有不同于肺腺癌和肺鳞癌的特征。Powrozek等[和Shiozawa等[分别报道28.6%和23.7%的肺腺鳞癌患者中存在EGFR突变。Vassella等[报道30%和25%的肺腺鳞癌患者分别存在EGFR和PI3K信号通路的突变。Liu等[报道48.1%的肺腺鳞癌患者肿瘤组织中PD-L1表达阳性。 SEER数据库是美国基于人群的肿瘤流行病学数据库,覆盖了美国28%左右的人群,包含了自1973年以来的几十万例肺癌病例以及详细的临床和预后信息,对肺癌及其他肿瘤的研究有着极大的帮助[。通过对SEER数据库中整个人群中的病例进行分析,可以有效地避免患者来自单一机构所给研究带来的偏倚。但SEER数据库中缺乏影像学、吸烟史、基因突变、肿瘤标志物、以及详细的治疗方式尤其是化疗方案等信息,我们的研究中也未涉及到这些因素对肺腺鳞癌患者预后的影响。而这些因素可能显著地作用于患者的预后。 肺腺鳞癌具有与肺腺癌、鳞癌不同的临床病理和预后特征。年龄、分化、T、N、M、手术和化疗状况是肺腺鳞癌患者预后的独立预测因素。我们以此构建的列线图可以较好地预测患者的3年和5年生存率。
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1.  Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus, and Heart.

Authors:  William D Travis; Elisabeth Brambilla; Allen P Burke; Alexander Marx; Andrew G Nicholson
Journal:  J Thorac Oncol       Date:  2015-09       Impact factor: 15.609

2.  Lobectomy Versus Sublobectomy in Metachronous Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score Study.

Authors:  Xiaodong Yang; Cheng Zhan; Ming Li; Yiwei Huang; Mengnan Zhao; Xinyu Yang; Zongwu Lin; Yu Shi; Wei Jiang; Qun Wang
Journal:  Ann Thorac Surg       Date:  2018-05-28       Impact factor: 4.330

3.  A clinicopathological and immunohistological re-evaluation of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.

Authors:  Masaki Shimoji; Takashi Nakajima; Chihiro Yamatani; Morio Yamamoto; Shinsuke Saishou; Mitsuhiro Isaka; Tomohiro Maniwa; Yasuhisa Ode; Kazuo Nakagawa; Takehiro Okumura; Reiko Watanabe; Ichiro Ito; Toru Kameya; Masahiro Endo; Haruhiko Kondo
Journal:  Pathol Int       Date:  2011-10-14       Impact factor: 2.534

4.  Adenosquamous lung carcinomas: a histologic subtype with poor prognosis.

Authors:  Pier Luigi Filosso; Enrico Ruffini; Sofia Asioli; Roberto Giobbe; Luigia Macri; Maria Cristina Bruna; Alberto Sandri; Alberto Oliaro
Journal:  Lung Cancer       Date:  2011-03-02       Impact factor: 5.705

5.  Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries.

Authors:  Claudia Allemani; Tomohiro Matsuda; Veronica Di Carlo; Rhea Harewood; Melissa Matz; Maja Nikšić; Audrey Bonaventure; Mikhail Valkov; Christopher J Johnson; Jacques Estève; Olufemi J Ogunbiyi; Gulnar Azevedo E Silva; Wan-Qing Chen; Sultan Eser; Gerda Engholm; Charles A Stiller; Alain Monnereau; Ryan R Woods; Otto Visser; Gek Hsiang Lim; Joanne Aitken; Hannah K Weir; Michel P Coleman
Journal:  Lancet       Date:  2018-01-31       Impact factor: 79.321

6.  EGFR gene mutations in patients with adenosquamous lung carcinoma.

Authors:  Tomasz Powrózek; Paweł Krawczyk; Rodryg Ramlau; Sylwia Sura; Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk; Tomasz Kucharczyk; Beata Walczyna; Justyna Szumiło; Katarzyna Szyszka-Barth; Piotr Milecki; Aleksander Barinow-Wojewódzki; Janusz Milanowski
Journal:  Asia Pac J Clin Oncol       Date:  2014-02-27       Impact factor: 2.601

7.  Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression Among the Different Histological Components and Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients With Resected Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma.

Authors:  Yiwei Liu; Zhengwei Dong; Tao Jiang; Likun Hou; Fengying Wu; Guanghui Gao; Yayi He; Jing Zhao; Xuefei Li; Chao Zhao; Wei Zhang; Qinrui Tian; Yingying Pan; Yan Wang; Shuo Yang; Chunyan Wu; Shengxiang Ren; Caicun Zhou; Jun Zhang; Fred R Hirsch
Journal:  Clin Lung Cancer       Date:  2018-03-31       Impact factor: 4.785

8.  Clinicopathological characteristics of EGFR mutated adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.

Authors:  Toshihiro Shiozawa; Genichiro Ishii; Koichi Goto; Kanji Nagai; Sachiyo Mimaki; Shotaro Ono; Seiji Niho; Satoshi Fujii; Yuichiro Ohe; Katsuya Tsuchihara; Atsushi Ochiai
Journal:  Pathol Int       Date:  2013-02-21       Impact factor: 2.534

9.  Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma after surgical resection: results from two institutes.

Authors:  Lewei Zhu; Long Jiang; Jie Yang; Weiquan Gu; Jianxing He
Journal:  J Thorac Dis       Date:  2018-04       Impact factor: 2.895

10.  Molecular profiling of lung adenosquamous carcinoma: hybrid or genuine type?

Authors:  Erik Vassella; Stephanie Langsch; Matthias S Dettmer; Cornelia Schlup; Maja Neuenschwander; Milo Frattini; Mathias Gugger; Stephan C Schäfer
Journal:  Oncotarget       Date:  2015-09-15
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