Marios Karvouniaris1, Alexandros G Brotis2, Paraskevi Tsiamalou3, Kostas N Fountas2. 1. Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece. Electronic address: karvmarevg@hotmail.com. 2. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece. 3. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has resulted in difficult-to-treat ventriculitis/meningitis (VM). We used a meta-analysis to study the role of intraventricular (IVT) antibiotic administration as an adjunct (IVT plus intravenous [IV]) to the classic intravenous antimicrobial therapy (IV-only) in the management of VM in terms of infection control, functional outcome, microbial eradication, complications, cost-benefit analysis, infectious mortality, and overall mortality. METHODS: The electronic search focused on adult neurosurgical cases complicated by gram-negative VM and was limited to studies comparing IVT plus IV and IV-only. The quality of the overall body of evidence was assessed according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). The pooled estimates for each question were summarized as odds ratios (ORs) and visualized using forest plots. Every outcome was stratified according to carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: Eleven studies with 348 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. No evidence was found for infection control, functional outcome, or complications. For the remaining items evaluated, the overall quality of the best available evidence was low. IVT plus IV treatment was statistically superior to IV-only therapy in eradication (OR, 10.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62-38.65), infectious mortality (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.03-0.36), and overall mortality (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.60) in the management of carbapenem-resistant pathogens only. CONCLUSIONS: Combined IVT plus IV treatment did not prove superior to standard IV-only treatment in the management of VM. Nevertheless, weak evidence showed that IVT treatment might serve as an adjunct in the management of carbapenem-resistant pathogens.
BACKGROUND: The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has resulted in difficult-to-treat ventriculitis/meningitis (VM). We used a meta-analysis to study the role of intraventricular (IVT) antibiotic administration as an adjunct (IVT plus intravenous [IV]) to the classic intravenous antimicrobial therapy (IV-only) in the management of VM in terms of infection control, functional outcome, microbial eradication, complications, cost-benefit analysis, infectious mortality, and overall mortality. METHODS: The electronic search focused on adult neurosurgical cases complicated by gram-negative VM and was limited to studies comparing IVT plus IV and IV-only. The quality of the overall body of evidence was assessed according to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). The pooled estimates for each question were summarized as odds ratios (ORs) and visualized using forest plots. Every outcome was stratified according to carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: Eleven studies with 348 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. No evidence was found for infection control, functional outcome, or complications. For the remaining items evaluated, the overall quality of the best available evidence was low. IVT plus IV treatment was statistically superior to IV-only therapy in eradication (OR, 10.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62-38.65), infectious mortality (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.03-0.36), and overall mortality (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.60) in the management of carbapenem-resistant pathogens only. CONCLUSIONS: Combined IVT plus IV treatment did not prove superior to standard IV-only treatment in the management of VM. Nevertheless, weak evidence showed that IVT treatment might serve as an adjunct in the management of carbapenem-resistant pathogens.