Caterina Fede1, Nathaly Gaudreault2, Chenglei Fan1, Veronica Macchi1, Raffaele De Caro1, Carla Stecco3. 1. Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, 35121, Padua, Italy. 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada. 3. Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, 35121, Padua, Italy. carla.stecco@unipd.it.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The objectives of this work was to conduct a comprehensive state-of-the art review of the current literature to identify any gaps or discrepancies and summarize the main challenges for obtaining a homogeneous evaluation of muscular fascia in healthy individuals. METHODS: An electronic document search using key words and MeSH terms was performed with various databases. Two independent investigators were tasked with the screening of articles and data extraction. A critical appraisal of what is known was then conducted. RESULTS: The literature search identified 65 articles related to healthy facia in the various databases consulted and 20 articles were kept for the review. The thickest portion of the fascia lata (the iliotibial tract) and the plantar fascia are the most often studied muscular fasciae whereas there is paucity of studies on fascia related to other muscles in the body. CONCLUSION: US imaging is suitable to complement physical examination and for evaluating treatment outcomes. However, the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of the methods did not allow us to establish normal reference values for muscular fascia thickness and to provide strong recommendations about measurement protocols.
PURPOSE: The objectives of this work was to conduct a comprehensive state-of-the art review of the current literature to identify any gaps or discrepancies and summarize the main challenges for obtaining a homogeneous evaluation of muscular fascia in healthy individuals. METHODS: An electronic document search using key words and MeSH terms was performed with various databases. Two independent investigators were tasked with the screening of articles and data extraction. A critical appraisal of what is known was then conducted. RESULTS: The literature search identified 65 articles related to healthy facia in the various databases consulted and 20 articles were kept for the review. The thickest portion of the fascia lata (the iliotibial tract) and the plantar fascia are the most often studied muscular fasciae whereas there is paucity of studies on fascia related to other muscles in the body. CONCLUSION: US imaging is suitable to complement physical examination and for evaluating treatment outcomes. However, the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of the methods did not allow us to establish normal reference values for muscular fascia thickness and to provide strong recommendations about measurement protocols.
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