Megan H Pesch1, Danielle P Appugliese2, Alison L Miller3, Katherine L Rosenblum4, Julie C Lumeng5, Katherine W Bauer6. 1. Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA. Electronic address: pesch@umich.edu. 2. Appugliese Professional Advisors, 5 Piece Way, North Easton, MA 02334, USA. 3. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 3718 SPH Building I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Electronic address: alimill@umich.edu. 4. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: katier@umich.edu. 5. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0406, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 3845 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. Electronic address: jlumeng@umich.edu. 6. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 3845 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA. Electronic address: kwbauer@umich.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Identifying differences in how mothers communicate restriction of their children's eating may be important to understanding the effects of restriction on children's intake and weight status. OBJECTIVES: To characterize mothers' restrictive statements by affect and directness, and examine cross-sectional associations between restrictive statement types and children's body mass index and eating behaviors. METHODS: Mother-child dyads (N = 223, mean child age 5.9 years) participated in a structured eating task. A coding scheme reliably characterized mothers' restrictive statements. Mothers completed measures of child enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, and satiety responsiveness, and child anthropometrics were measured. Poisson regression was used to test associations between type of restrictive statements and child BMI z-score (BMIz) and eating behaviors, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Higher child BMIz was associated with mothers' more frequent use of negative direct restrictive statements, but not other types of statements. This association was stronger among girls (RR (95% CI) = 2.28 (1.45-3.59)) than boys (RR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.05-2.10)). Among girls, but not boys, higher enjoyment of food and lower satiety responsiveness were associated with more frequent positive direct restrictive statements (RR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.20-2.21) and RR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.29-2.92), respectively). For both sexes, mothers' use of positive indirect restrictive statements was more frequent among children with higher enjoyment of food (RR (95% CI) = 1.38 (1.11-1.72). CONCLUSIONS: The statements mothers use to restrict their children's eating vary in affect and directness. Child characteristics, such as sex, BMI, and the presence of specific eating behaviors, are associated with differing approaches to restriction by mothers.
BACKGROUND: Identifying differences in how mothers communicate restriction of their children's eating may be important to understanding the effects of restriction on children's intake and weight status. OBJECTIVES: To characterize mothers' restrictive statements by affect and directness, and examine cross-sectional associations between restrictive statement types and children's body mass index and eating behaviors. METHODS: Mother-child dyads (N = 223, mean child age 5.9 years) participated in a structured eating task. A coding scheme reliably characterized mothers' restrictive statements. Mothers completed measures of child enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, and satiety responsiveness, and child anthropometrics were measured. Poisson regression was used to test associations between type of restrictive statements and child BMI z-score (BMIz) and eating behaviors, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Higher child BMIz was associated with mothers' more frequent use of negative direct restrictive statements, but not other types of statements. This association was stronger among girls (RR (95% CI) = 2.28 (1.45-3.59)) than boys (RR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.05-2.10)). Among girls, but not boys, higher enjoyment of food and lower satiety responsiveness were associated with more frequent positive direct restrictive statements (RR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.20-2.21) and RR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.29-2.92), respectively). For both sexes, mothers' use of positive indirect restrictive statements was more frequent among children with higher enjoyment of food (RR (95% CI) = 1.38 (1.11-1.72). CONCLUSIONS: The statements mothers use to restrict their children's eating vary in affect and directness. Child characteristics, such as sex, BMI, and the presence of specific eating behaviors, are associated with differing approaches to restriction by mothers.
Authors: Megan H Pesch; Alison L Miller; Danielle P Appugliese; Katherine L Rosenblum; Julie C Lumeng Journal: Appetite Date: 2016-04-14 Impact factor: 3.868
Authors: Pauline W Jansen; Sabine J Roza; Vincent Wv Jaddoe; Joreintje D Mackenbach; Hein Raat; Albert Hofman; Frank C Verhulst; Henning Tiemeier Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2012-10-30 Impact factor: 6.457