Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections: TB or not TB?

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are a known cause of skin and soft tissue infections. However, only too often it takes inordinately long to arrive at the appropriate diagnosis and start treatment. Actively searching for predilection factors, exposure risks and specific clinical clues may speed up the diagnostic process. Deep tissue biopsy cultures are indispensable to determine the species and strain of mycobacterium, with important consequences for treatment. Less well known as a causative agent of prolonged tenosynovitis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We present a case series and performed a literature search concerning mycobacterial tenosynovitis.