Chia-Chi Liu1,2, Wei-Wen Lin2,3, Chun-Chi Wu4,5, Shih-Lan Hsu6, Chi-Yen Wang2, Jing-Gung Chung7,8, Chi-Shiun Chiang9,10,11. 1. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2. Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 3. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 4. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 5. Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 6. Department of Education & Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 7. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. jgchung@mail.cmu.edu.tw cschiang@mx.nthu.edu.tw. 8. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. 9. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. jgchung@mail.cmu.edu.tw cschiang@mx.nthu.edu.tw. 10. Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. 11. Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: The treatment of human glioma tumor is still an unmet medical need. Natural products are always promising resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. Lauryl gallate (LG) is one of the derivatives of gallic acid, widely present in plants, that has been shown to induce anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines; however, it has not been studied in human glioma cell lines. Thus, the effects of LG on human glioblastoma U87 cells were investigated in the present in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell morphology and viability were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed and assayed by flow cytometry to confirm that viable cell number reduction was due to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, U87 cells were exposed to LG in various concentrations and were analyzed by caspase activity assay. To further confirm that LG induced apoptotic cell death, the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in LG-treated U87 cells was tested by western blot. RESULTS: LG induced morphological changes and decreased viability in U87 cells. Annexin V/PI double staining revealed that LG induced apoptotic cell death in U87 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The increased activities of caspase-2, -3, -8 and -9 demonstrated that LG induced U87 cell apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. In terms of molecular level, LG increased pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in U87 cells. Furthermore, LG also suppressed the expression of p-Akt, Pak1, Hif-1α and Hif-2α, β-catenin and Tcf-1 in U87 cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LG induced apoptotic cell death via the caspase-dependent pathway in U87 cells. Copyright
BACKGROUND/AIM: The treatment of humanglioma tumor is still an unmet medical need. Natural products are always promising resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. Lauryl gallate (LG) is one of the derivatives of gallic acid, widely present in plants, that has been shown to induce anticancer activities in many humancancer cell lines; however, it has not been studied in humanglioma cell lines. Thus, the effects of LG on humanglioblastoma U87 cells were investigated in the present in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell morphology and viability were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed and assayed by flow cytometry to confirm that viable cell number reduction was due to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, U87 cells were exposed to LG in various concentrations and were analyzed by caspase activity assay. To further confirm that LG induced apoptotic cell death, the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in LG-treated U87 cells was tested by western blot. RESULTS:LG induced morphological changes and decreased viability in U87 cells. Annexin V/PI double staining revealed that LG induced apoptotic cell death in U87 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The increased activities of caspase-2, -3, -8 and -9 demonstrated that LG induced U87 cell apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. In terms of molecular level, LG increased pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in U87 cells. Furthermore, LG also suppressed the expression of p-Akt, Pak1, Hif-1α and Hif-2α, β-catenin and Tcf-1 in U87 cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LG induced apoptotic cell death via the caspase-dependent pathway in U87 cells. Copyright
Authors: G Roy; M Lombardía; C Palacios; A Serrano; C Cespón; E Ortega; P Eiras; S Lujan; Y Revilla; P Gonzalez-Porqué Journal: Arch Biochem Biophys Date: 2000-11-15 Impact factor: 4.013
Authors: E Ortega; M C Sadaba; A I Ortiz; C Cespon; A Rocamora; J M Escolano; G Roy; L M Villar; P Gonzalez-Porque Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2003-03-24 Impact factor: 7.640